| 词条 | Francisco Ribera |
| 释义 |
Francisco Ribera (1537–1591) was a Spanish Jesuit theologian, identified with the Futurist Christian eschatological view. LifeHe was born at Villacastín.[1] He joined the Society of Jesus in 1570, and taught at the University of Salamanca. He acted as confessor to Teresa of Avila. He died in 1591 at the age of fifty-four, one year after the publication of his work In Sacrum Beati Ioannis Apostoli, & Evangelistiae Apocalypsin Commentarij.[2] Works
In the late Middle Ages and in the wake of the Protestant Reformation, accusations of being the Antichrist were levied against the Pope. Amidst the controversy, Ribera in 1585 began writing a lengthy (500 page) commentary on the Book of Revelation, titled In Sacrum Beati Ioannis Apostoli, & Evangelistiae Apocalypsin Commentarii, proposing that the first chapters of the Apocalypse applied to ancient pagan Rome, and the rest referred to a yet future period of 3½ literal years, immediately prior to the second coming. During that time, the Roman Catholic Church would have fallen away from the pope into apostasy. Then, he proposed, the Antichrist, a single individual, would:
To accomplish this, Ribera understood the 1260 days and 42 months and 3½ times of prophecy literally, rejecting an interpretation as 1260 years.
FuturismFuturism (Christianity) is the proposal that the Book of Revelation does not bear the application to the Middle Ages or the papacy, rather the "future" (more particularly to a period immediately prior to the Second Coming). The Dictionary of Premillennial Theology (1997) states that Ribera was an Augustinian amillennialist, whose form of futurism proposed that only the introductory chapters of "Revelation referred to ancient Rome, and the remainder referred to a literal three and half years at the end of time. His interpretation was then followed by Robert Bellarmine and the Spanish Dominican Thomas Malvenda.[2][5]Thomas Brightman, in particular, writing in the early 17th century as an English Protestant, contested Ribera's views. He argued that the Catholic use of the Vulgate had withheld commentary from the Book of Revelation, and then provided an interpretation avoiding the connection with the Papacy put forward in the historicist point of view.[6]References
Notes1. ^Mal Crouch (editor), Dictionary of Premillennial Theology (1997), p. 378; [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=rPeo38M2d9UC&pg=PA378&lpg=PA378&dq=%22Francisco+Ribera%22+Villacast%C3%ADn&source=bl&ots=qXBZTzYtRX&sig=5_5K-uAqYBSxpr2Qbmpdc-GxzS8&hl=en&ei=Q16JTtpx08DxA4DYqD8&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q&f=false Google Books]. 2. ^1 David Brady, The contribution of British writers between 1560 and 1830 to the interpretation of Revelation 13.16-18 (1983), p. 202; [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UUmpvt3hM7cC&pg=PA202&lpg=PA202&dq=%22Francisco+Ribera%22+Teresa&source=bl&ots=_Er2dSsm75&sig=va3Vm75H_HfEttZKfcgjFdXS30U&hl=en&ei=X2WJTpLOE8_C8QPvyvxE&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CEoQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=%22Francisco%20Ribera%22%20Teresa&f=false Google Books]. 3. ^Carlos M. N. Eire, From Madrid to Purgatory: The Art and Craft of Dying in Sixteenth-Century Spain (2002), p. 383; [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=yEU-Nt9lRdsC&pg=PA383&lpg=PA383&dq=Ribera+%22Vida+de+la+madre+Teresa+de+Jes%C3%BAs%22&source=bl&ots=SgSSY1bS3-&sig=dPMajz8JxGEobPfYeGdN0wS14P4&hl=en&ei=NmyJTqbROc-s8QPVnNhi&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Ribera%20%22Vida%20de%20la%20madre%20Teresa%20de%20Jes%C3%BAs%22&f=false Google Books]. 4. ^[https://books.google.com/books/about/In_epistolam_B_Pauli_apostoli_ad_Hebraeo.html?id=WT9JAAAAcAAJ In epistolam B. Pauli apostoli ad Hebraeos commentarii (Google Books)]. 5. ^[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UUmpvt3hM7cC&pg=PA202&lpg=PA202&dq=%22Francisco+Ribera%22+Teresa&source=bl&ots=_Er2dSsm75&sig=va3Vm75H_HfEttZKfcgjFdXS30U&hl=en&ei=X2WJTpLOE8_C8QPvyvxE&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CEoQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=%20Francisco%20Ribera%20&f=false Beiträge zur Geschichte der biblischen Exegese (Google Books)]. 6. ^Donald Burke, New England New Jerusalem: The millenarian dimension of transatlantic migration. A study in the theology of history (2006), p. 39; External links
6 : 1537 births|Spanish Jesuits|Christian hagiographers|1591 deaths|Spanish Roman Catholic theologians|University of Salamanca alumni |
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