| 词条 | Franjo Tuđman Bridge (Dubrovnik) | |||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|bridge_name=Franjo Tuđman Bridge |image=Dubrovnik-bridge.jpg |caption= |official_name=Most dr. Franja Tuđmana |carries=D8 |crosses= |locale=Southern Croatia |maint=Hrvatske ceste |id= |design=deck cable-stayed bridge |mainspan={{convert|304.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} |length={{convert|518|m|ft|abbr=on}} |width={{convert|14.2|m|ft|abbr=on}} |clearance= |below={{convert|49|m|ft|abbr=on}} |traffic= |cost=252 million kuna ($38 million USD)[1] |open=2002 |closed= |toll=no |map_cue= |map_image= |map_text= |map_width= |coordinates={{coord|42.668269|N|18.079419|E|region:HR_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} }} The Franjo Tuđman Bridge ({{lang-hr|Most dr. Franja Tuđmana}}) is a cable-stayed bridge carrying the D8 state road at the western approach to Dubrovnik, Croatia across Rijeka Dubrovačka near Port of Gruž. The original bridge design was developed in 1989; however, construction was stopped at the onset of the Croatian War of Independence. The bridge has been redesigned by Structures Department of the University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering and the design employed has been developed by Zlatko Šavor.[2][3] StructureThe bridge is {{convert|518|m|ft|sing=on}} long, measured between the abutments. Substructure of the bridge consists of the abutments, a pier on the western shore supporting a pretensioned girder and an anchoring pier on the eastern shore.[2] Supported structure on the cable-stayed portion of the bridge consists of a composite girder, an A-shaped pylon and the cable stays. Overall span of the girder is {{convert|324.7|m|abbr=on}}. Concrete roadway slab is of generally constant depth of {{convert|25|cm|abbr=on|sigfig=1}}. A total of 38 cable stays have been executed, comprising 27 to 61 steel wire cables placed in protective polyethylene pipes. The pylon is {{convert|141.5|m|abbr=on}} tall, measured from the top surface of the foundations. It comprises a box cross section of varying size. An additional box girder is executed just below the suspended structure providing it an additional support as well as bracing the pylon legs. The cable stays are anchored to the top of the pylon. A special opening has been executed in one of the pylon legs, next to the sidewalk, providing access to the inside of its cross-section, where there are rungs facilitating climbing to the top of the pylon, where another opening on its top allows replacements of the anchors, should that become necessary. The western part of the bridge comprises a pretensioned girder of variable depth ({{convert|3.25|m|abbr=on}} at the abutment, {{convert|8.22|m|abbr=on}} at the pier and {{convert|3.2|m|abbr=on}} at the end of the cantilever).[3][4] Construction and completion of the bridgeConstruction of the bridge started in October 1998. The construction works were carried out by Walter Bau AG and Konstruktor, Split.[3] Construction was completed in April 2002, and the bridge was officially opened on May 21, 2002. The bridge construction costs were reportedly 252 million Croatian kuna (c. US$31 million) making Franjo Tuđman Bridge the most expensive bridge in Croatia.[2][5] Opening of the bridge was characterized by delays due to various permit requirements, so the opening and dedication ceremony was delayed five times.[6] Naming controversyInitially, Hrvatske ceste which financed the construction named the bridge Dubrovnik Bridge ({{lang-hr|Most Dubrovnik}}). However, even before the official opening of the bridge, there was some controversy regarding the name of the bridge, as the mayor of Dubrovnik expressed a request that the bridge should be named The Franjo Tuđman Bridge instead. The controversy grew on May 10, 2002, one day before a scheduled opening ceremony, when traffic signs that were supposed to display name of the bridge were shown on the Croatian TV, unsure of actual name of the bridge. Hrvatske ceste, the operator of the bridge placed signs saying Dubrovnik Bridge, but next to those were similar signs indicating name The Franjo Tuđman Bridge.[7] Later, in 2004, the name of the bridge was officially changed to The Franjo Tuđman Bridge.[8] Traffic volumeTraffic on the state roads in Croatia is regularly counted and reported by Hrvatske ceste, operator of the state roads.[9] There is no actual traffic count performed at the Franjo Tuđman Bridge itself; however, Hrvatske ceste operate a counting station which covers a section of the D8 state road adjacent to the D8 and Ž6254 county road junction (to the west of the junction). Since the Franjo Tuđman Bridge is located only {{convert|1200|m|abbr=on}} to the east of the junction, and no other D8 junctions are found between the two, the figure, even though not exact, is highly indicative of the traffic volume carried by the bridge.
See also{{commons category|Franjo Tuđman bridge (Dubrovnik)}}
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.triposo.com/poi/Franjo_TuC491man_Bridge_28Dubrovnik29|title=Franjo Tuđman Bridge|publisher=}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Franjo Tudman Bridge (Dubrovnik)}}2. ^1 2 {{cite news | newspaper = Ingenieur | url = http://www.ingenieurpress.com/konstrukcije/20-mostovi-nai-svagdanji.html | title = Our daily bridges | date = August 22, 2010 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110123214452/http://www.ingenieurpress.com/konstrukcije/20-mostovi-nai-svagdanji.html | archivedate = January 23, 2011 | df = }} 3. ^1 2 {{cite journal | url=http://hrcak.srce.hr/file/17399 | title=Most preko Rijeke Dubrovačke |trans-title=Bridge over the Rijeka Dubrovačka | journal=Građevinar | publisher=Croatian Society of Civil Engineers | location=Zagreb |date=25 May 2002 | volume=54 | issue= | pages=329–344 | language=Croatian | issn= | format=PDF | accessdate=2010-08-23}} 4. ^{{cite news | newspaper = Konstruktor, Split | url = http://www.konstruktor-split.hr/reference/tabid/905/agentType/View/PropertyID/69/sortBy/cf6/PropertyTypeID/7/Default.aspx | title = Dubrovnik Bridge | date = August 22, 2010}} 5. ^{{cite news | newspaper = Croatian Radiotelevision | url = http://www.hrt.hr/arhiv/2002/05/21/HRT0013.html | title = Rijeka Dubrovačka Bridge officially open | date = May 21, 2002 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150201191057/http://www.hrt.hr/arhiv/2002/05/21/HRT0013.html | archivedate = February 1, 2015 | df = }} 6. ^{{cite news | newspaper = Croatian Radiotelevision | url = http://www.hrt.hr/arhiv/2002/04/03/KRV.html | title = 481 m long Rijeka Dubrovačka Bridge open on the May 11 | date = April 3, 2002 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20081229063716/http://www.hrt.hr/arhiv/2002/04/03/KRV.html | archivedate = December 29, 2008 | df = }} 7. ^{{cite news | newspaper = Croatian Radiotelevision | url = http://www.hrt.hr/arhiv/2002/05/10/HRT0066.html | title = Dubrovnik Bridge or Franjo Tuđman Bridge to be opened tomorrow | date = May 10, 2002 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150201191055/http://www.hrt.hr/arhiv/2002/05/10/HRT0066.html | archivedate = February 1, 2015 | df = }} 8. ^{{cite news | newspaper = Vjesnik | url = http://www.vjesnik.hr/html/2004/04/24/Clanak.asp?r=unu&c=12 | title = Dubrovnik Bridge shall be called Franjo Tuđman Bridge | date = April 24, 2004 }}{{dead link|date=October 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 9. ^{{cite news|newspaper=Hrvatske ceste |url=http://www.hrvatske-ceste.hr/WEB%20-%20Legislativa/brojenje-prometa/CroDig2009.pdf |title=Traffic counting on the roadways of Croatia in 2009 - digest |date=May 1, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721100545/http://www.hrvatske-ceste.hr/WEB%20-%20Legislativa/brojenje-prometa/CroDig2009.pdf |archivedate=2011-07-21 |df= }} 5 : Bridges in Croatia|Bridges completed in 2002|Cable-stayed bridges in Croatia|Buildings and structures in Dubrovnik-Neretva County|2002 establishments in Croatia |
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