| 词条 | Ixchiguán |
| 释义 |
|official_name = Ixchiguán |imagesize = 200px |image_skyline=Traje usado en Ixchiguán I.png |image_caption=Native women clothing from Ixchiguán. |pushpin_map = Guatemala |pushpin_label_position = bottom |pushpin_map_caption = Location in Guatemala |pushpin_map1 = San Marcos |pushpin_map_caption1 = Location in San Marcos Department |subdivision_type = County |subdivision_name = Guatemala |subdivision_type1 = Department |subdivision_name1 = San Marcos |leader_title = Mayor |leader_name = David Pérez[1] |leader_party = LIDER |unit_pref = Metric |coordinates = {{coord|15|10|03|N|91|55|55|W|region:GT|display=inline}} |blank_name = Climate |blank_info = Cwb }} Ixchiguán is a municipality in the San Marcos department of Guatemala. The economy is based on temporary work force on the coffee plantations, respectively on a male migrating work force in Mexico. Mam, which is one of the Mayan languages of Guatemala, is spoken in Ixchiguán and in the neighborhood of the city. In two or three villages around the city, the indigenous people speak also K'iche', another language that belongs to the Mayan languages group. HistorySpanish Colony{{Main|Tejutla, San Marcos}}In 1690, Tejutla had a large area and included the modern municipalities of Comitancillo, Ixchiguán, Concepción Tutuapa, Sipacapa, Sibinal, Tajumulco, Tacaná and part of what is now San Miguel Ixtahuacán. According to the historical writings from Recordación Florida of Francisco Antonio de Fuentes y Guzmán, Tejutla belonged to Quetzaltenango Department and it was a "prosperous land with rich weathers and comfortable forest with enough water".{{sfn|Fuentes y Guzmán|1932|p=}} Tejutla was an important commercial and religious center; in August 1767, Joseph Domingo Hidalgo described Santiago Tejutla as "El Curato" -i.e., the focal center of commerce of all the towns that were around it− in the Gaceta de Guatemala, the official newspaper of the times. Then, in the last quarter of the 18th century, bishop Dr. Pedro Cortés y Larraz, who arrived from Cuilco in 1770 as part of the inspection he was doing of the Guatemalan dioceses, called Tejutla "Santiago en la Cima del Monte" (English: Santiago at the top of the hill" and reported that there were "sixty four families who lived very well" in the area.{{sfn|Cortés y Larraz|1770|p=}} After independence from Spain{{See also|Rafael Carrera|Justo Rufino Barrios}}The Central American United Provinces constitution from 11 October 1821, showed Tejutla under modern San Marcos jurisdiction for the very first time. In 1870 Tejutla reached "Villa" category and, due to its development, its authorities requested to the House of Representatives of Guatemala to be named a Department capital. The department was going to have the municipalities mentioned above, along with the modern municipalities of Cuilco, Santa Bárbara and San Gaspar, Huehuetenango, from the modern Huehuetenango Department. Besides, in those days, Motocintla, Cacahuatán and Tapachula—which would go definitively to México in 1892 due to the Herrera-Mariscal treaty[2][3]— were under the jurisdiction of the secular convent located in Tejutla. Furthermore, Tejutla even had House representatives of its own in those days. But power shifted when the conservatives led by field marshall Vicente Cerna werfe defeated by the liberal forces of generals Miguel Garcia Granados and Justo Rufino Barrios −who was a San Lorenzo native; once the liberals were in power, the expelled the regular clergy from Guatemala and abolishing mandatory tithing for the secular clergy, thus leaving Tejutla without their main administrative and leadership support, the "curato". In fact, Barrios government confiscated monasteries, large extensions of farm land, sugar mills and Indian doctrines from the regular orders and then distributed it to his liberal friend and comrades, who became large landowners in the area.[4] Ixchiguán was established as municipality on 9 August 1933; later in the 20th century, many people from Ixchiguán have migrated to Worthington, Minnesota, a city that is considered a center of Mam speakers in the United States. ClimateIxchiguán has a subtropical highland climate (Köppen: Cwb) bordering on a Tundra climate (Köppen: ET) {{Weather box|width=auto |location = Ixchiguán |metric first = yes |single line = yes |Jan mean C = 7.7 |Feb mean C = 7.6 |Mar mean C = 9.1 |Apr mean C = 10.0 |May mean C = 10.3 |Jun mean C = 10.3 |Jul mean C = 10.1 |Aug mean C = 9.9 |Sep mean C = 10.1 |Oct mean C = 9.6 |Nov mean C = 8.9 |Dec mean C = 8.6 |year mean C = |Jan high C = 14.7 |Feb high C = 14.8 |Mar high C = 16.4 |Apr high C = 16.8 |May high C = 15.8 |Jun high C = 15.0 |Jul high C = 14.8 |Aug high C = 15.2 |Sep high C = 14.7 |Oct high C = 14.3 |Nov high C = 14.8 |Dec high C = 15.0 |year high C = |Jan low C = 0.7 |Feb low C = 0.5 |Mar low C = 1.8 |Apr low C = 3.2 |May low C = 4.9 |Jun low C = 5.7 |Jul low C = 5.5 |Aug low C = 4.7 |Sep low C = 5.6 |Oct low C = 4.9 |Nov low C = 3.0 |Dec low C = 2.2 |year low C = |Jan precipitation mm = 15 |Feb precipitation mm = 11 |Mar precipitation mm = 25 |Apr precipitation mm = 70 |May precipitation mm = 180 |Jun precipitation mm = 271 |Jul precipitation mm = 193 |Aug precipitation mm = 224 |Sep precipitation mm = 290 |Oct precipitation mm = 183 |Nov precipitation mm = 42 |Dec precipitation mm = 18 |year precipitation mm = |precipitation colour = green |source 1 = Climate-Data.org[5] }} Geographic locationIxchiguá is surrounded by San Marcos Department municipalities: {{Geographic location|width=auto |Center=Ixchiguán |North=Tacaná, San José Ojetenam and Tejutla |West=Sibinal |South=Tajumulco[6] |East=Tejutla |Southeast=Tejutla[6] |Northeast=Tejutla }} See also
Notes and referencesReferences1. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.prensalibre.com/guatemala/san-marcos/san-marcos-elige-autoridades-municipales|date=8 September 2015|accessdate=8 September 2015|newspaper=Prensa Libre|title=San Marcos elige autoridades municipales|location=Guatemala|language=es|ref=harv}} 2. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5nFVAAAAMAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s|title=Memoria sobre la cuestión de límites entre Guatemala y México|author=Comisión Guatemalteca de Límites con México|publisher=Tipografía Nacional|location=Guatemala|year=1900|pages=325|language=es|ref=harv}} 3. ^{{cite journal|year=1896|title=Nuestras fronteras|journal=La Ilustración Guatemalteca|url=https://archive.org/stream/ilustracionguate00guat#page/470/mode/2up|location=Guatemala|volume=I|issue=13|publisher=Síguere, Guirola y Cía|language=es|ref=harv}} 4. ^{{cite journal|last=Castellanos Cambranes|first=Julio|journal=500 años de lucha por la tierra. Estudios sobre propiedad rual y reforma agraria en Guatemala|title=5. Tendencias del desarrollo agrario en el siglo XIX y surgimiento de la propiedad capitalista de la tierra en Guatemala|volume=1|location=Guatemala|publisher=FLACSO|year=1992|url=http://www.flacsoandes.edu.ec/libros/digital/53099.pdf|language=es|ref=harv}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/46090/|title= Climate: Ixchiguán|accessdate= 5 September 2015|website= Climate-Data.org}} 6. ^1 {{cite web|author=SEGEPLAN |title=Municipios del departamento de San Marcos |url=http://www.segeplan.gob.gt/2.0/index.php?option=com_k2&view=itemlist&task=category&id=274:san-jose-ojetenam |website=Secretaría General de Planificación |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710201808/http://www.segeplan.gob.gt/2.0/index.php?option=com_k2&view=itemlist&task=category&id=274%3Asan-jose-ojetenam |archivedate=10 July 2015 |ref=harv |deadurl=yes |df= }} Bibliography{{refbegin}}
External links{{Refbegin}}
2 : Municipalities of the San Marcos Department|Populated places in Guatemala |
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