| 词条 | Frank Nicholas Meyer |
| 释义 |
| name =Frank Nicholas Meyer | image =Frank N Meyer 1909.jpg | image_size =250 px | caption = Frank N. Meyer circa 1909 | birth_name =Frans Nicolaas Meijer | birth_date = {{birth date|1875|11|30|df=y}} | birth_place =Amsterdam, Netherlands | death_date ={{death date and age|1918|06|02|1875|11|30|df=y}} | death_place = near Shanghai, China | death_cause = Drowning | employer = United States Department of Agriculture | occupation = Botanical exploration }}Frank Nicholas Meyer (30 November 1875 – 2 June 1918) was a United States Department of Agriculture explorer who traveled to Asia to collect new plant species. He introduced 2,500 plants into the United States. The Meyer lemon was named in his honor.[1] BiographyHe was born Frans Nicolaas Meijer in Amsterdam in 1875. For seven years Meijer was educated at the Hortus Botanicus in Amsterdam as an assistant of Hugo de Vries.[2] He emigrated to the United States in 1901 and became an American citizen in November 1908 adopting the name "Frank N. Meyer". In 1901 he first went to work for Erwin F. Smith at the United States Department of Agriculture. In 1902, Meyer began working at USDA's Plant Introduction Station in Santa Ana, California.[2] Meyer was hired in 1905 by the USDA in their Office of Seed and Plant Introduction to send back to the United States economically useful plants. Through an arrangement with Charles Sprague Sargent and David Fairchild Meyer was also to send to the Arnold Arboretum trees and shrubs of ornamental value. They archived images he collected of his travels.[3][4] Specimens he collected included apricots, soybeans, and ginkgo biloba.[5] He is also responsible for collecting material from chestnut trees in China that showed that the fungus now known as Cryphonectria parasitica, responsible for the Chestnut blight disease first observed in the Bronx Zoo in 1904 and that had started killing American chestnut trees, was present on Chinese trees, confirming suspicions that it had originated from imported nursery stock[6]. In June 1918 he traveled to Shanghai over the Yangtze River on the Japanese riverboat Feng Yang Maru. He was last seen leaving his cabin on June 1, at 11:20 pm. On June 5 his body was found some 50 km before the city of Wuhu by a Chinese sailor. He was buried in Shanghai on June 12 and his family in the Netherlands were notified of his death on June 18.[7] Works
LegacyIn recognition of his industry, the Frank N. Meyer Medal for Plant Genetic Resources was struck by his United States Department of Agriculture colleagues, funded by his bequest to the organization.[8] References1. ^{{cite news |first= |last= |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=The Meyer Lemon: More Than A Pretty Face |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=100778147&ft=1&f=1053 |quote=In the early 1900s, the U.S. Department of Agriculture sent Frank N. Meyer, an agricultural explorer ... on several trips to Asia with the mission of collecting new plant species. Among more than 2,500 plants that he introduced to the U.S., the Meyer lemon was named in his honor. Sadly, Meyer would never live to see the success of his namesake. He died on an expedition near Shanghai in 1918. ...|work=National Public Radio |date=18 February 2009 |accessdate=2009-02-20 }} 2. ^{{Cite web| title = Frank N. Meyer (1875-1918)| work = Special Collections, National Agricultural Library| accessdate = 2014-05-25| url = http://specialcollections.nal.usda.gov/Meyer-Exhibit}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.arboretum.harvard.edu/programs/eastern_asia/explorers_meyer.html |title=Botanical and Cultural Images of Eastern Asia, 1907-1927 |accessdate=2009-02-20 |quote=Frank Meyer, born Frans Meijer in Amsterdam, began his horticultural career at age 14 working as a gardener's helper at the Amsterdam Botanical Garden. ... At age 22, Meyer set out for America by way of England and arrived in the United States in late 1901. ... After a year with the USDA, Meyer went to Mexico to study and collect plants. Upon Meyer's return in 1904, David Fairchild (1869-1954), Chairman of the Foreign Plant Introduction Section of the USDA, hired Meyer to make a collecting trip to China for the department. ... |publisher=Harvard University }} 4. ^{{cite web|last1=Stone|first1=Daniel|title=The Mysterious Life and Death of Frank Meyer, the Man Behind Meyer Lemons|url=https://munchies.vice.com/en_us/article/59je4d/the-mysterious-life-and-death-of-frank-meyer-the-man-behind-meyer-lemons|publisher=Vice|accessdate=26 April 2018}} 5. ^{{Cite news| title = When life gives you lemons, grow a beard| work = Prologue: Pieces of History| accessdate = 2014-05-25| date = 2011-06-10| url = http://blogs.archives.gov/prologue/?p=5479}} 6. ^Lord, William (2007). The Man Who Tracked Down the Chestnut Blight. in Mighty Giants: An American Chestnut Anthology, C Bolgiano, ed. Bennington: The American Chestnut Foundation. {{ISBN|978-1-884592-49-2}} pp162-69. 7. ^1 Peter Zwaal, Frans Nicolaas Meijer (Frank N. Meyer), plantenjager in Centraal en Oost-Azië, 2014 {{nl}} 8. ^Explorers: Frank Nicholas Meyer Botanical and Cultural Images, 1907-1927.
| edition = 1st | publisher = Iowa State University Press | isbn = 0813811481 | last = Cunningham | first = Isabel Shipley | title = Frank N. Meyer, plant hunter in Asia | location = Ames | date = 1984 }}
External links
| title = Guide to the Frank N. Meyer (1875 -1918), papers | work = Archives of the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University | accessdate = 2014-05-25 | url = http://arboretum.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/III_FNM_2012.pdf }}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Meyer, Frank N.}} 12 : 1875 births|1918 deaths|American civil servants|American explorers|Dutch botanists|Dutch emigrants to the United States|Dutch explorers|Scientists from Amsterdam|United States Department of Agriculture people|Accidental deaths in China|Deaths by drowning|Burials in Shanghai |
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