| 词条 | Jack Arnold (director) | |||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Jack Arnold | image = Jack Arnold.jpg | imagesize = 210px | caption = Jack Arnold, 1957 | birthname = Jack Arnold Waks | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|10|14|mf=y}} | birth_place = New Haven, Connecticut, United States | death_date = {{Death date and age|1992|3|17|1916|10|14}} | death_place = Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, California, United States | occupation = Actor, director | known_for = Science fiction films, documentaries | spouse = Betty Arnold (c. 1945–1992, his death) | children = Two, including producer Susan Arnold[1] }} Jack Arnold (October 14, 1916 – March 17, 1992) was an American actor and film and television director, best known as one of the leading filmmakers of 1950s science fiction films. His most notable films are It Came from Outer Space (1953), Creature from the Black Lagoon (1954), Tarantula (1955), and The Incredible Shrinking Man (1957). Early yearsJack Arnold was born on a kitchen table in New Haven, Connecticut, to Russian immigrant parents.[2]{{rp|53}} As a child he read a lot of science fiction, which laid the foundations for his genre films of the 1950s. He hoped to become a professional actor and in his late teens he enrolled in the American Academy of Dramatic Arts, where his classmates included Hume Cronyn, Betty Field and Garson Kanin. After graduating he worked as a vaudeville dancer and in 1935 began getting roles in Broadway plays. He was acting in My Sister Eileen when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, and he immediately enlisted as a cadet for pilot training.[2]{{rp|53}} While Arnold intended to become a pilot, a shortage of planes meant he was temporarily placed in the Signal Corps, where he took a crash course in cinematography. He then became a cameraman and learned the techniques of filmmaking by assisting Robert Flaherty on various military films.[3] After eight months with Flaherty he became a pilot in the Air Corps.[2]{{rp|53}} While stationed at Truax Airfield at New Rochelle, New York, he met Betty, who would later become his wife. CareerAt the war's end and Arnold's term of service ended, he formed a partnership with an air squadron buddy Lee Goodman to form a film production company. Their new company, called Promotional Films Company, made fundraising films for various non-profit organizations. He also continued acting on stage during this period, in plays including a revival of The Front Page, and played opposite Bela Lugosi and Elaine Stritch in Three Indelicate Ladies.[2]{{rp|54}} {{quote box|align=right|width=25em|bgcolor = LightCyan|quote="Jack Arnold dominated the science fiction field during his brief career. No imprint lingers so indelibly on the face of modern fantasy film as that of this obscure yet brilliant artist. All his films, no matter how tawdry, were marked with a brilliant personal vision. He exists as an éminence grise on the horizon of fantasy film, inscrutable, mysterious, almost impossible both to analyse and to ignore."|source=John Baxter, filmmaker and author.[4]}} By 1950, after his documentary films had received more exposure, he was commissioned to produce and direct With These Hands, a documentary about working conditions of the early 20th century. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature.[5] Arnold directed a number of 1950s science fiction films. The best known of these, It Came from Outer Space (1953), Creature from the Black Lagoon (1954), Tarantula (1955), and The Incredible Shrinking Man (1957) are noted for their atmospheric black-and-white cinematography and sophisticated scripts. The Incredible Shrinking Man is considered his "masterpiece," a fantasy film with few equals in intelligence and sophistication, notes author John Baxter. While all the films display a "sheer virtuosity of style and clarity of vision."[4] Arnold's main collaborator at Universal Studios was producer William Alland.[6] Revenge of the Creature (1955) was Clint Eastwood's debut film. Arnold also made some non-Sci-Fi films, mostly westerns. His best western is considered to be "No Name on the Bullet" (1959) about a town frightened to hysteria by the arrival of a gunman who never reveals who he is after, or why. The film was shot in color and CinemaScope, and has been restored from the original negative for airing on the "Grit" digital broadcast channel. He later worked as the director of The Mouse That Roared (1959), in which Peter Sellers played three roles, one of them in drag. Arnold began his television career in 1955 with several episodes of Science Fiction Theater. He went on to direct the long-running television series Perry Mason and Peter Gunn. He also directed episodes of such television shows as Nanny and the Professor, Alias Smith and Jones, The Fall Guy, The Brady Bunch, Gilligan's Island, Wonder Woman, Ellery Queen, Mr. Terrific, Mr. Lucky, and The San Pedro Beach Bums, as well as the TV movie The Untold Story (1980). Arnold died of arteriosclerosis in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, California at the age of 75. Later that year, the UCLA Film Archive held a tribute "Jack Arnold: The Incredible Thinking Man" film festival which screened a number of his films. The Archive also produced and screened a bio-documentary about his life, The Incredible Thinking Man.[7][8] Awards and nominations
References1. ^audio: "Legends of Film: Producer Susan Arnold", Nashville Public Library, June 15, 2009 2. ^1 2 3 Fischer, Dennis. Science Fiction Film Directors, 1895-1998, McFarland & Co. (2000) 3. ^Starlog #3 Jack Arnold Interview 4. ^1 Baxter, John. Science Fiction in the Cinema, Paperback Library (1970) p. 115 5. ^Crowther, Bosley. "'With These Hands,' Film About Garment Workers' Union, Is Shown of Gotham", New York Times, June 16, 1950 6. ^Warren, Bill; Thomas, Bill. Keep Watching the Skies!: American Science Fiction Movies of the Fifties, McFarland (2010) ebook 7. ^"His Creatures Walk Among Us : UCLA pays tribute to director Jack Arnold, 'The Incredible Thinking Man.'", Los Angeles Times, Oct. 30, 1997 8. ^"Jack Arnold remembered for knack on, off screen", UCLA Daily Bruin, Oct. 30, 1997 Further reading
External links{{Commons category|Films by Jack Arnold}}{{wikiquote}}
13 : 1916 births|1992 deaths|American film directors|American television directors|American television producers|Science fiction film directors|Horror film directors|Burials at Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery|Male actors from New Haven, Connecticut|20th-century American male actors|20th-century American businesspeople|Deaths from arteriosclerosis|Film producers from Connecticut |
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