“Frederick Sowrey”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Group Captain Frederick Sowrey, DSO, MC, AFC (25 July 1893 – 21 October 1968) was a British officer began his career as a First World War flying ace credited with thirteen aerial victories. He was most noted for his first victory, when he shot down Zeppelin L32 during its bombing raid on England. Having risen rapidly in rank during the war, he remained in service until 1940.

Early life and infantry service

Frederick Sowrey was born to Susan M. Sowrey on 25 August 1893 in Twigworth, England.^[1] He was one of three sons of John Sowrey, Deputy Chief Inspector of Inland Revenue. Young Frederick was home schooled until he was thirteen. He then won a scholarship to King's College School, Wimbledon. He earned a BS degree there, and was completing his graduate study when World War I began. He immediately volunteered for military service;{{sfnp|Walters|2009|p=86}} on 31 August 1914 he was appointed as a Second Lieutenant in the Royal Fusiliers.^[1] He went to France as an infantry officer, and was wounded at the Battle of Loos in 1915.{{sfnp|Castle|Hook|2008|p=77}} After three months in hospital, he was invalided out, turned around, and joined the Royal Flying Corps{{sfnp|Walters|2009|p=86}} in December 1915.^[2]

World War I aerial service

He was posted to No. 39 (Home Defence) Squadron RFC on 17 June 1916;{{sfnp|Castle|Hook|2008|p=77}} he was duly appointed a Flying Officer.^[3] It was during this assignment that he scored his first and most notable victory. On the evening of 23 September 1916, Second Lieutenant Sowrey launched from Sutton Farm at 2330 hours in a Royal Aircraft Factory BE.2c to patrol toward Joyce Green. Flying at 13,000 feet, he spotted Zeppelin L32 at about 0110 hours and closed with it. He fired three drums of incendiary ammunition into the belly of the gasbag before it exploded into flame. There were no survivors from the aircrew; most of the bodies recovered were charred and burned. The burning wreckage at Billericay drew enormous crowds.{{sfnp|Castle|Hook|2008|pp=75–77}} Sowrey received the Distinguished Service Order for his feat, which was gazetted on 4 October 1916.^[4] That same day, Temporary Second Lieutenant Sowrey was nominated for a regular commission in the Fusiliers.^[5] Shortly thereafter, on 1 December 1916, he was appointed a Flight Commander with the accompanying rank of Temporary Captain.^[6] Sometime in late 1916, he transferred to No. 37 (Home Defence) Squadron RFC.{{sfnp|Shores|Franks|Guest|1990|p=347}}

Sowrey went on liaison duty to France, and while there transferred to No. 19 Squadron RFC on 14 June 1917 and resumed his success in combat. In the four months between 17 June and 15 October 1917, he scored a dozen times, both by himself and teamed with aces Alexander Pentland, John Candy, and Richard Alexander Hewat, as well as three other pilots.^[2] His final summary for the twelve victories other than the L32 tallied six enemy airplanes destroyed and six driven down out of control.{{sfnp|Shores|Franks|Guest|1990|p=347}}

On 1 January 1918, Sowrey was promoted from Flight Commander to Squadron Leader; this meant that Second Lieutenant (Acting Captain) Frederick Sowrey was now a Temporary Major.^[7] On 4 April 1918, he was finally promoted from Second Lieutenant to Lieutenant.^[8] He assumed command of No. 143 Squadron RAF until war's end.{{sfnp|Shores|Franks|Guest|1990|p=347}}

After World War I

On 1 August 1919, Sowrey received a permanent commission in the new Royal Air Force, with the rank of squadron leader. Sowrey's postwar career saw him promoted from Squadron Leader to Wing Commander on 1 July 1928.^[9] He eventually retired as a Group Captain on 26 May 1940.^[10]

Honours and awards

"For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty in shooting down in less than two months two Albatross scouts and a Rumpler two-seater and a Fokker scout, and in two engagements flying very low and engaging and scattering hostile infantry." (Citation text from Supplement to the London Gazette, 6 April 1918)^[11]^[12]

Sources of information

1. ^{{London Gazette |issue=28894 |date=8 September 1914 |page=7099 }}
2. ^¹²{{cite web |url=http://www.theaerodrome.com/aces/england/sowrey.php |title=Frederick Sowrey |work=The Aerodrome |year=2016 |accessdate=2 March 2010}}
3. ^{{London Gazette |issue=29656 |date=7 July 1916 |page=6745 |nolink=yes }}
4. ^¹{{London Gazette |issue=29773 |date=3 October 1916 |page=9635 |supp=y |nolink=yes }}
5. ^{{London Gazette |issue=29812 |date=3 November 1916 |page=10642 |supp=y |nolink=yes }}
6. ^{{London Gazette |issue=29882 |date=28 December 1916 |page=12644 |supp=y |nolink=yes }}
7. ^{{London Gazette |issue=30539 |date=23 February 1918 |page=2396 |supp=y |nolink=yes }}
8. ^{{London Gazette |issue=30737 |date=10 June 1918 |page=6883 |supp=y |nolink=yes }}
9. ^{{London Gazette |issue=33400 |date=3 July 1928 |page=4501 |nolink=yes }}
10. ^{{London Gazette |issue=34876 |date=18 June 1940 |page=3704 |nolink=yes }}
11. ^{{London Gazette |issue=30399 |date=26 November 1917 |page=12321 |supp=y |nolink=yes }}
12. ^{{London Gazette |issue=30614 |date=6 April 1918 |page=4228 |supp=y |nolink=yes }}
13. ^{{London Gazette |issue=31098 |date=1 January 1919 |pages=97–98 |supp=y |nolink=yes }}

References