“Frederick Thayre”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Captain Frederick James Harry Thayre {{post-nominals|country=GBR|MC*}} (20 October 1894 – 9 June 1917) was a British two-seater flying ace in World War I who, in conjunction with his observer-gunners, was credited with twenty aerial victories.^[1]

Background

Thayre was born in London on 20 October 1894. He lived in Littlehampton, Sussex, before the war.{{sfnp|Guttman|Dempsey|2009|p=77}}

World War I service

Thayre learned to fly as a civilian, being granted Royal Aero Club Aviators' Certificate No. 1478 on 29 July 1915, after soloing a Maurice Farman biplane at the Military School at Brooklands,^[2] and was commissioned as a second lieutenant (on probation) in the Royal Flying Corps the same day.^[3]^[4] On completion of his military flight training he was appointed a flying officer on 29 December 1915,^[5] and was confirmed in his rank on 12 January 1916.^[6]

Thayre first flew operationally with No. 16 Squadron RFC in France, in B.E.2 two-seater aircraft, gaining his first victory on 18 March 1916 when his observer, Lieutenant C. R. Davidson, shot down an attacking German Fokker E.III fighter aircraft.{{sfnp|Guttman|Dempsey|2009|p=77}}{{sfnp|Shores|Franks|Guest|1990|p=360}} On 30 April he received a mention in despatches for his "gallant and distinguished conduct in the field" from General Douglas Haig, Commander-in-Chief of the British Forces in France.^[7] On 10 July, Thayre was appointed a flight commander with the temporary rank of captain,^[8] and on 1 September, he was promoted to the substantive rank of lieutenant.^[9]

Thayre was later posted to No. 20 Squadron, flying F.E.2d aircraft. He teamed up with Francis Cubbon, with whom he claimed two victories on 29 April 1917.{{sfnp|Shores|Franks|Guest|1990|p=360}} On 1 May, the duo shot down an Albatros two-seater of FA 6, killing its crew of two, while on 3 May 1917 Thayre and Cubbon engaged twenty-six Albatros D.III scouts, claiming two enemy aircraft shot down. At last, having exhausted their machine gun ammunition in that fight, Thayre and Cubbon used their automatic pistols as weapons of last resort.{{sfnp|Shores|Franks|Guest|1990|p=360}}{{sfnp|Guttman|Dempsey|2009|p=78}}

They would score fifteen victories together during the course of May 1917.^[1] When Britain's leading ace, Albert Ball crashed to his death on 7 May, Thayre found himself lagging only his own gunner, Cubbon, and Billy Bishop in the ace race of the Royal Flying Corps.{{sfnp|Brereton|2002|pp=99–100}}

Killed in action

On 7 June, Thayre and Cubbon shot down and killed the five-victory ace Leutnant Weissner of Jasta 18. On 9 June 1917, their F.E.2d aircraft, No. A6430, received a direct hit from anti-aircraft fire from K Flak Battery 60 near Warneton and both men were killed.{{sfnp|Shores|Franks|Guest|1990|p=360}}

The nineteen victories they shared included five D.IIIs shot down in flames, eleven destroyed, an Albatros C reconnaissance two-seater set afire, and another destroyed. Another D.III was driven down out of control. To that, Thayre added his victory with Davidson—a Fokker E.III fighter destroyed.{{sfnp|Guttman|Dempsey|2009|p=77}}

Along with his gunner Cubbon, Thayre was posthumously awarded the Military Cross, and a Bar in lieu of a second award, on 18 July 1917.

Honours and awards

References

1. ^¹{{cite web |url=http://www.theaerodrome.com/aces/england/thayre.php |title=Frederick James Harry Thayre |work=The Aerodrome |accessdate=29 February 2016}}
2. ^{{cite journal |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1915/1915%20-%200575.html |title=Aviators' Certificates |issue=345 |volume=VII |page=575 |journal=Flight |date=6 August 1915 |accessdate=29 February 2016}}
3. ^{{London Gazette |date=13 August 1915 |supp=y |issue=29265 |page=8144}}
4. ^{{London Gazette |date=3 December 1915 |issue=29390 |page=12069 |nolink=yes}}
5. ^{{London Gazette |date=11 January 1916 |supp=y |issue=29435 |page=532 |nolink=yes}}
6. ^{{London Gazette |date=11 January 1916 |supp=y |issue=29435 |page=537 |nolink=yes}}
7. ^{{London Gazette |date=13 June 1916 |supp=y |issue=29623 |page=5925 |nolink=yes}}
8. ^{{London Gazette |date=25 July 1916 |supp=y |issue=29686 |page=7458 |nolink=yes}}
9. ^{{London Gazette |date=17 October 1916 |supp=y |issue=29790 |page=10070 |nolink=yes}}
10. ^{{London Gazette |date=17 July 1917 |supp=y |issue=30188 |pages=7246–7247 |nolink=yes}}
11. ^{{London Gazette |date=17 July 1917 |supp=y |issue=30188 |page=7218 |nolink=yes}}