词条 | Friedrich Münter |
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Fried(e)rich Christian Carl Heinrich Münter (14 October 1761 – 9 April 1830) was a German-Danish scholar, professor of theology at the University of Copenhagen, orientalist, church historian, archaeologist, Danish bishop of Zealand, and freemason. He was a brother of Sophie Christiane Friederike Brun. LifeFriedrich Münter was born on 14 October 1761 in Gotha, a son of Balthasar Münter, a clergyman. His father moved with his family to Copenhagen in 1765 to become vicar at St. Peter's Church. Here Friedrich was privately tutored at the vicarage. There he enjoyed the company of many of his father's renowned acquaintances including the archaeologist Carsten Niebuhr, professor of theology Johann Andreas Cramer, and the poets Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock and Heinrich Wilhelm von Gerstenberg.[1] In 1781 he began a study at the University of Göttingen. In 1784 he was the first Protestant to receive a doctorate of philosophy at the University of Fulda.[2] Afterwards, the King Christian VII of Denmark sent him to Italy and Sicily to continue his education. In Rome he had contact with Stefano Borgia, who later became cardinal. There he learned the Coptic language. In 1787 he returned to Copenhagen and became a professor at the University of Copenhagen.[2] Münter collated and described manuscripts housed in notable Italian libraries, e.g. he collated Codex Nanianus for the first time and he sent some extracts from this codex to Andreas Birch. Birch used these extracts in his edition of the text of the four Gospels in Greek.[3] Münter also studied cuneiform inscriptions from Persepolis. He discovered that the words in the inscriptions were divided from one another by an oblique wedge and that the monuments must belong to the age of Cyrus and his successors. One word, which occurs without any variation towards the beginning of each inscription, he correctly inferred to signify "king".[4][5] Münter's main work is "Religion der Karthager" (Copenhagen, 1816). The second edition (1821) was expanded and included new research. Other works include "Sendschreiben an Kreuzer über Sardische Idole" (Copenhagen, 1822), "Der Tempel der himmlichen Göttin zu Paphos" (Copenhagen, 1824), and "Religion der Babylonier" (Copenhagen, 1827). Some small archaeological works of Münter were included in his "Antiquarische Abhandlungen" (Copenhagen, 1816). On numismatics Münter wrote: "De numo plumbео Zenobiae reginae Orientis et aeneo Palmyreno" (Petersburg, 1823) and "Ueber die Münzen der Vandalischen Könige von Karthago" ("Antiquarische Abhandlungen", p. 301). Works
References1. ^Fr. Nielsens Münter in: Dansk biografisk leksikon, edited by C.F. Bricka, 12. volume, p. 25, Gyldendal, 1887–1905. 2. ^1 {{BBKL|m/muenter|volume=6|auteur=Viktoria Strohbach-Hanko|spalten=323-329}} 3. ^Birch, [https://books.google.com/books?id=AikNAAAAYAAJ&dq=&printsec=frontcover&source=bl&ots=jJFdgbytEG&sig#PPP1,M1 Variae Lectiones ad Textum IV Evangeliorum], Haunie 1801, pp. LXV-LXVI. 4. ^See* Münter, Frederik (1800a) [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951d00004536u;view=1up;seq=273 "Undersögelser om de Persepolitanske Inscriptioner. Förste Afhandling."] (Investigations of the inscriptions of Persepolis. First part.), Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabers-Selskabs Skrivter (Writings of the Royal Danish Society of Science), 3rd series, 1 (1) : 253–292. [in Danish]* Münter, Frederik (1800b) [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951d00004536u;view=1up;seq=643 "Undersögelser om de Persepolitanske Inscriptioner. Anden Afhandling."] (Investigations of the inscriptions of Persepolis. Second part.), Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabers-Selskabs Skrivter (Writings of the Royal Danish Society of Science), 3rd series, 1 (2) : 291–348. [in Danish] On p. 339, Münter presents the Old Persian word for "king" written in cuneiform.* Reprinted in German as: Münter, Friederich, [https://archive.org/stream/versuchberdiekei00mnte#page/n7/mode/2upVersuch über die keilförmigen Inschriften zu Persepolis] [Attempt at the cuneiform inscription at Persepolis] (Kopenhagen, Denmark: C. G. Prost, 1802). 5. ^{{cite book|last1=Sayce|first1=Rev. Arnold H.|title=The Archaeology of the Cuneiform Inscriptions|date=1908|publisher=Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge |location=London,England |page=10 |edition=2nd |url=https://archive.org/stream/archaeologyofcun00sayc#page/8/mode/2up}} Literature
External links{{Commons category|Frederik Münter}}
7 : 1761 births|1830 deaths|Illuminati members|Danish Lutheran bishops|Knights of the Order of the Dannebrog|Honorary Members of the St Petersburg Academy of Sciences|Rectors of the University of Copenhagen |
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