“Friendship and Freedom”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

In the 1920s, the United States was less progressive compared to contemporary Germany, where many gay rights organization flourished during this period. As a result, Gerber's room in a boardinghouse was raided by the Chicago Police Department in July 1925, and everything associated with the publication of the newsletter, including Gerber's typewriter and his personal diaries, were seized. Gerber was thrown into jail for three days and the news of his arrest was published in the contemporary press with the headlines, "Strange Sex Cult Exposed."^[4] All copies of Friendship and Freedom that were not in circulation were seized by the police and destroyed.^[12]

No copy of Friendship and Freedom survives today.^[7]^[13] Despite lack of any existing copy, the existence of this publication was verified by American LGBT historian Jonathan Ned Katz through a photograph published by sexologist and LGBT-rights advocate Magnus Hirschfeld in 1927 depicting homosexual publications, among them Friendship and Freedom.^[14]

References

1. ^{{cite book|author=Robert B. Marks Ridinger|title=Speaking for our lives: historic speeches and rhetoric for gay and lesbian rights (1892-2000)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PatzOnRJCf4C&pg=PA866|accessdate=15 February 2012|date=4 February 2004|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-1-56023-175-2|page=866}}
2. ^¹{{cite book|author=Norman G. Kester|title=Liberating minds: the stories and professional lives of gay, lesbian, and bisexual librarians and their advocates|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bQwAKpj9QBEC&pg=PA92|accessdate=15 February 2012|year=1997|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-0363-9|page=92}}
3. ^¹{{cite book|author=David E. Newton|title=Gay and lesbian rights: a reference handbook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gjcUFK4RZNcC&pg=PA7|accessdate=15 February 2012|date=27 October 2009|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-59884-306-4|page=7}}
4. ^¹{{cite book|author=Betsy Kuhn|title=Gay Power!: The Stonewall Riots and the Gay Rights Movement, 1969|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yUVb25C-WKQC&pg=PA13|accessdate=15 February 2012|date=1 January 2011|publisher=Twenty-First Century Books|isbn=978-0-7613-5768-1|page=13}}
5. ^¹{{cite book|author=Peter M. Nardi|title=Gay men's friendships: invincible communities|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ym8vFoTlyDMC&pg=PA32|accessdate=15 February 2012|date=15 July 1999|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-56843-0|page=32}}
6. ^{{cite book|author1=Sam Deaderick|author2=Tamara Turner|title=Gay resistance: the hidden history|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A_lMn6uFqGEC&pg=PA32|accessdate=15 February 2012|date=May 1997|publisher=Red Letter Press|isbn=978-0-932323-03-3|pages=31–32}}
7. ^¹{{cite book|author=Tracy Baim|title=Out and proud in Chicago: an overview of the city's gay community|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rJEU4xYiWEEC&pg=PA34|accessdate=15 February 2012|date=1 September 2008|publisher=Agate Publishing|isbn=978-1-57284-100-0|page=34}}
8. ^¹{{cite book|author=JoAnne Myers|title=The A to Z of the lesbian liberation movement: still the rage|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6fZql3KYJkYC&pg=PA8|accessdate=15 February 2012|date=30 July 2009|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-6811-3|page=8}}
9. ^{{cite book|author=David E. Newton|title=Sexual health: a reference handbook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=27EvTINUcwkC&pg=PA113|accessdate=15 February 2012|date=22 December 2009|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-59884-366-8|page=113}}
10. ^{{cite book|author=James Thomas Sears|title=Behind the mask of the Mattachine: the Hal Call chronicles and the early movement for homosexual emancipation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7cJgYcce7SgC&pg=PA168|accessdate=15 February 2012|date=30 October 2006|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-1-56023-187-5|page=168}}
11. ^{{cite book|author=Robert Deam Tobin|title=Warm brothers: queer theory and the age of Goethe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=of7TWyexNSIC&pg=PA201|accessdate=15 February 2012|date=24 May 2000|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|isbn=978-0-8122-3544-9|page=201}}
12. ^{{cite book|author=Jim Kepner|title=Rough news, daring views: 1950s' pioneer gay press journalism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eA9y7-6eyyAC&pg=PA8|accessdate=15 February 2012|year=1998|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-7890-0140-5|page=8}}
13. ^{{cite book|author1=Lisa Keen|author2=Suzanne Beth Goldberg|title=Strangers to the Law: Gay People on Trial|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H5Q-NgWHff0C&pg=PA82|accessdate=15 February 2012|date=23 May 2000|publisher=University of Michigan Press|isbn=978-0-472-08645-0|page=82}}
14. ^{{cite book|author=Chad C. Heap|title=Slumming: sexual and racial encounters in American nightlife, 1885-1940|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pcs6T-NVz0wC&pg=PA376|accessdate=15 February 2012|date=15 May 2009|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-32243-8|page=376}}