| 词条 | Fuxian Lake | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Fuxian Lake | image = 1 fuxian lake luchongcun aerial panorama 2018.jpg | caption = Fuxian Lake and Luchong Scenic Resort | image_bathymetry = | alt_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | location = Yunnan Province | lake_type = | coords = {{coord|24.50225|N|102.888888889|E|source:dewiki_region:CN_scale:50000_type:waterbody|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | inflow = Liangwang River, Dongda River, Jianshan River | outflow = Haikou River | catchment = | basin_countries = China | length = {{Convert|31.5|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} | width = {{Convert|11.5|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} | area = {{convert|211|km2|sqmi|-2|abbr=on}} | depth = {{convert|89.6|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} | max-depth = {{convert|155|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} | volume = {{convert|18900|e6m3|abbr=on}} | residence_time = | shore = | elevation = {{convert|1721|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} | islands = Gushan | cities = Chengjiang County | reference = [1] }}Fuxian Lake ({{zh|c=抚仙湖|p=Fǔxiān Hú}}) stretches out through Chengjiang, Jiangchuan and Huaning Counties in Yunnan Province, spanning an area of 212 square kilometers. The lake is ranked third-largest in Yunnan, after Dian Lake and Erhai Lake. Also the deepest lake in Yunnan, it is 155 meters deep at its greatest depth. It is also the third-deepest fresh water lake in China, after Tianchi and Kanas Lake.[1] ClimateFuxian Lake has humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cwa) with humid summers and mild dry winters.[2]{{Weather box|width=auto |metric first=y |single line=y |collapsed = Y |location = Fuxian Lake |Jan high C = 16.7 |Feb high C = 18.7 |Mar high C = 22.6 |Apr high C = 25.1 |May high C = 26.4 |Jun high C = 26.4 |Jul high C = 25.6 |Aug high C = 25.9 |Sep high C = 24.6 |Oct high C = 21.2 |Nov high C = 18.7 |Dec high C = 16.7 |Jan mean C = 10.3 |Feb mean C = 12.1 |Mar mean C = 15.5 |Apr mean C = 18.6 |May mean C = 21.0 |Jun mean C = 22.3 |Jul mean C = 21.8 |Aug mean C = 21.6 |Sep mean C = 20.2 |Oct mean C = 17.0 |Nov mean C = 13.7 |Dec mean C = 10.8 |year mean C = |Jan low C = 3.9 |Feb low C = 5.5 |Mar low C = 8.5 |Apr low C = 12.2 |May low C = 15.7 |Jun low C = 18.2 |Jul low C = 18.0 |Aug low C = 17.4 |Sep low C = 15.9 |Oct low C = 12.8 |Nov low C = 8.8 |Dec low C = 4.8 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 12 |Feb precipitation mm = 17 |Mar precipitation mm = 19 |Apr precipitation mm = 27 |May precipitation mm = 93 |Jun precipitation mm = 165 |Jul precipitation mm = 200 |Aug precipitation mm = 195 |Sep precipitation mm = 113 |Oct precipitation mm = 78 |Nov precipitation mm = 41 |Dec precipitation mm = 14 |source 1 = [https://en.climate-data.org/location/564473/ Climate-Data.org] }} Flora and faunaFuxian Lake is known for its unique fauna, including many endemic species. However, its relative isolation makes it vulnerable to biological invasions and pollution.[3][5] Together with other Yunnan lakes (Dian, Qilu, Yangzong, Xingyun, and Yilong), Fuxian is recognized as an ecoregion.[4] Fuxian is one of three major Yunnan lakes with a high number of endemics, the others being Dian (Dianchi) and Erhai.[5] There are 24 native fish species and subspecies in Fuxian Lake, including 11 endemics.[5] The situation for most of these is precarious because they have been negatively impacted by the many introduction of exotic species of fish (26 species), habitat degradation, water pollution, and overfishing.[5][6] The endemic fish are all cyprinids or stone loaches.[5]
A fungus Dyrithiopsis lakefuxianensis growing on submerged wood has been collected and described as a new species to science from Fuxian Lake, as suggested by its scientific name.[14] A few native hydrophytes have disappeared from the lake.[5] The prehistoric Fuxianhuia, significant in discussions of arthropod evolution, is also named after the lake, where it was discovered in 1987. Lost cityIn 2001 it was reported that earthenware and stonework covering an area of approximately 2.4–2.7 square kilometers had been discovered beneath the lake. Carbon dating circa 2007 confirmed an age of 1,750 years, or approximately 257 CE. It is thought that the remains may represent buildings from the ancient Dian Kingdom that slid into the lake during an earthquake.[15][16] In 2006, CCTV made an additional survey. Carbon dating in 2007 found relics to be roughly 1,750 years old. In October 2014 additional research was made on the site by a multidisciplinary team. Portions were mapped and 42 handmade stone artifacts were recovered from a depth of seven meters.[17][18] Notable sitesThere are two major sites west of the lake: a military base at Lijiashan (speculated to be used for submarine testing and other forms of nautical engineering) and a nearby tourism resort. Panorama{{wide image|The panorama of Fuxian Lake.jpg|1000px|Panorama of Fuxian Lake taken from mountains to the west.||alt=Fuxian Lake}}References1. ^1 {{cite book |title=Lakes in China |last1=Sumin |first1=Wang|last2=Hongshen |first2=Dou |year=1998 |publisher=Science Press|location=Beijing|isbn=7-03-006706-1 |page=374|pages= |url= |accessdate=}} {{Commons category|Fuxian Lake}}{{National parks of China}}{{Lakes of China}}{{Lakes in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau}}{{Yunnan topics}}2. ^{{Cite web|url=https://en.climate-data.org/location/564473/|title=Fuxian climate: Average Temperatures, weather by month, Fuxian weather averages - Climate-Data.org|website=en.climate-data.org|access-date=2018-08-29}} 3. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Cui | first1 = Y. D. | last2 = Liu | first2 = X. Q. | last3 = Wang | first3 = H. Z. | doi = 10.1016/j.limno.2007.10.003 | title = Macrozoobenthic community of Fuxian Lake, the deepest lake of southwest China | journal = Limnologica - Ecology and Management of Inland Waters | volume = 38 | issue = 2 | pages = 116–125| year = 2008 | pmid = | pmc = }} 4. ^Freshwater Ecoregions of the World: Yunnan Lakes. Retrieved 15 February 2017. 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Wang, Wang, Li, Du, Yang, Lassoie, and Hassan (2013). Six decades of changes in vascular hydrophyte and fish species in three plateau lakes in Yunnan, China. Biodivers. Conserv. 22: 3197–3221. 10.1007/s10531-013-0579-0 6. ^Yang, J.X. and Y.R. Chen, editors (1995). The biology and resource utilization of the fishes of Fuxian Lake, Yunnan. Yunnan Science and Technology Press, Kunming, China. {{ISBN|9787541607677}} 7. ^{{Cite journal | author = Zhao, H. | title = Poropuntius chonglingchungi | journal = The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | volume = 2011 | page = e.T166192A6189259 | publisher = IUCN | date = 2011 | url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/166192/0 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T166192A6189259.en | access-date = 14 January 2018}} 8. ^{{IUCN| id = 166157| taxon = Cyprinus fuxianensis| assessor = Devi, R.| assessor2 = Boguskaya, N.| last-assessor-amp = yes| assessment_year = 2011| version = 2017.1| accessdate = 15 February 2017}} 9. ^{{Cite journal | author = World Conservation Monitoring Centre | title = Schizothorax lepidothorax | journal = The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | volume = 1996 | page = e.T19993A9129962 | publisher = IUCN | date = 1996 | url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/19993/0 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T19993A9129962.en | access-date = 14 January 2018}} 10. ^1 {{Cite journal | author = Cui, K. | author2 = Chen, X.-Y. | last-author-amp = yes | title = Sinocyclocheilus tingi | journal = The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | volume = 2011 | page = e.T166116A6177364 | publisher = IUCN | date = 2011 | url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/166116/0 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T166116A6177364.en | access-date = 14 January 2018}} 11. ^1 {{Cite journal | author = Chen, X.-Y. | title = Folifer yunnanensis | journal = The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | volume = 2011 | page = e.T21992A9345434 | publisher = IUCN | date = 2011 | url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/21992/0 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T21992A9345434.en | access-date = 14 January 2018}} 12. ^1 {{Cite journal | last1 = Qin | first1 = J. | last2 = Xu | first2 = J. | last3 = Xie | first3 = P. | doi = 10.1080/02705060.2007.9664165 | title = Diet overlap between the endemic fish Anabarilius grahami (Cyprinidae) and the exotic noodlefish Neosalanx taihuensis (Salangidae) in Lake Fuxian, China | journal = Journal of Freshwater Ecology | volume = 22 | issue = 3 | pages = 365–370| year = 2007 | pmid = | pmc = }} 13. ^Wang, Yang, and Chen (2013). Phylogeny and Biogeography of Percocypris (Cyprinidae, Teleostei). PLoS ONE 8(6): e61827. 10.1371/journal.pone.0061827 14. ^{{Cite journal| volume = 95| issue = 5| pages = 911–920| last = Jeewon| first = R.|author2=L. Cai |author3=E. C. Y Liew |author4=K. Q Zhang |author5=K. D Hyde | title = Dyrithiopsis lakefuxianensis gen. et sp. nov. from Fuxian Lake, Yunnan, China, and notes on the taxonomic confusion surrounding Dyrithium| journal = Mycologia| date = 2003-09-01| url = http://www.mycologia.org/content/95/5/911| doi=10.2307/3762019}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200106/04/eng20010604_71691.html|title=Ancient Buildings Found in Fuxian Lake|date=2001-06-04|accessdate=2010-08-20}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/ezine/2007-08/17/content_6031144.htm|title= Mysterious Fuxian Lake's secrets told|accessdate=2010-08-20}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gokunming.com/en/blog/item/3338/new_underwater_archeological_discoveries_made_at_fuxian|title=New underwater archeological discoveries made at Fuxian|date=23 October 2014}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://roll.sohu.com/20141016/n405186397.shtml|title=云南抚仙湖发现水下史前遗址构件(组图)|date=16 October 2014}} 3 : Geography of Yunnan|National parks of China|Lakes of Yunnan |
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