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The Fırtına River bridges are a group of more than 20 well-preserved Ottoman-era bridges over the Fırtına river and its tributaries near Çamlıhemşin in Rize Province at the eastern end of Turkey's Black Sea coast. Because of the steep-sided valleys and frequent floods, the bridges have characteristically high arches. Many of the bridges date from the 18th and 19th centuries, but some may be older. It is thought they were built by stonemasons from the local community, working under the direction of central Ottoman authorities.{{sfn|Ayliffe|2003|p=801}} The bridges include: - Çamlıhemşin Bridge
- Kaptanpaşa Bridge, not dated, but 18th- or 19th-century in style, near the village of Yeşiltepe{{sfn|KentHaber.com|2008}}
- Buzlupınar Bridge, not dated, but 19th-century in style, in the village of Buzlupınar
- Köprüköy Bridge, date stone unreadable, but 19th-century in style{{sfn|ECO Cultural Institute|2009}}
- Şenyuva (Cin Civa) Bridge, dated 1696 or 1699 by an inscription that was lost during a 1946 flood{{sfn|ECO Cultural Institute|2009}}{{sfn|Yale|2005|p=534}}
- Mikron Bridge, mid 19th-century; arches, side walls and fill repaired in 1998 {{sfn|Altunişik|2011|p=251–252}}
- Ardeşen Bridge, late 19th-century construction of dressed and uncut stone, now in poor condition
Several similar bridges in nearby valleys are also notable - Çağlayan Bridge (Fındıklı)
- Güneyce Bridge (İkizdere)
- Dörtgözlü Bridge (Pazar)
{{Gallery
|title=Fırtına River bridges from the Ottoman era
|width=160
|height=170
|lines=4
|File:ArchBridgeOverFirtinaDeresi@Rize-Turkey-1.JPG|alt1=Slim arched bridge over a rushing river in a steep-sided valley.|Ottoman arched bridge over the Fırtına river.
|File:Mikron Bridge@FirtinaDeresi-2.JPG|alt2=Arched bridge leads away over a rushing river. Bushes and trees crowd on all sides.|Mikron Bridge.
|File:Firtina_Deresi_@_CamliHemsin.JPG|alt3=Distant view of broad arched bridge span over a fast-flowing river in a steep green valley.|Çamlıhemşin Bridge (near Çamlıhemşin).
}}ReferencesSources- {{cite web |url=http://www.kenthaber.com/karadeniz/rize/Rehber/kopruler/kaptanpasa-koprusu |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030221838/http://www.kenthaber.com/karadeniz/rize/camlihemsin/Rehber/kopruler/kaptanpasa-koprusu |archivedate=30 October 2013 |title=Kaptanpaşa Köprüsü |date=7 February 2008 |ref={{harvid|KentHaber.com|2008}} }}
- {{cite web |url=http://www.ecieco.org/rendermodule.aspx?SelectedSingleViewItemID=6403&ModuleID=547&rendertype=print |title=Turkey's many historical bridges targeted in restoration effort |author= |date=23 June 2009 |work= |publisher=ECO Cultural Institute |accessdate=23 December 2009 |ref={{harvid|ECO Cultural Institute|2009}} }}
- {{cite|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TbC6B1uMgSAC&pg=PA801 |title=Rough Guide to Turkey |first1=Rosie |last1=Ayliffe |date=2003 |edition=5 |publisher=Rough Guides}}
- {{cite journal |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ahmet_Altunisik/publication/233221550_Vibration-based_operational_modal_analysis_of_the_Mikron_historic_arch_bridge_after_restoration/links/0fcfd51365ced06b52000000.pdf |title=Vibration-based operational modal analysis of the Mikron historic arch bridge after restoration |last1=Altunişik |first1=Ahmet Can |last2=Bayraktar |first2=Alemdar |last3=Sevim |first3=Barış |last4=Birinci |first4=Fatma |date=16 June 2011 |doi=10.1080/10286608.2011.588328 |pages=247–259 |volume=28 |issue=3 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |journal=Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems }}
- {{cite|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7X1pRzmI77MC&pg=PA534 |title=Turkey |first1=Pat |last1=Yale |first2=Jean-Bernard |last2=Carillet |first3=Virginia |last3=Maxwell |date=2005 |edition=9 |page=534 |publisher=Lonely Planet}}
{{Bridges in Turkey}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Firtina River Bridges}} 3 : Ottoman bridges in Turkey|Buildings and structures in Rize Province|Arch bridges in Turkey |