“Jaguar AJ-V8 engine”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Jaguar AJ-8 is a compact DOHC V8 piston engine used in many Jaguar vehicles. It was the fourth new engine type in the history of the company. In 1997 it replaced both designs previously available on Jaguar cars: the straight-6 Jaguar AJ6 engine (or rather its AJ16 variant), and the Jaguar V12 engine. It remained the only engine type available on Jaguar until 1999 with the launch of the S-Type, when the Jaguar AJ-V6 engine was added to the list. The AJ-V8 is available in displacements ranging from 3.2L to 5.0L, and a supercharged version is also produced. Ford Motor Company also used this engine in other cars, including the Lincoln LS and the 2002-2005 Ford Thunderbird, as well as in several Land Rovers, and the Aston Martin V8 Vantage.

The AJ-V8 was designed to use Nikasil-coated cylinders rather than the more-common iron cylinder liners. However, like the BMW M60, high-sulphur fuel reacted with the Nikasil coating and caused engine failures. Jaguar replaced affected engines, and has used conventional cast-iron linings ever since.

The engine originally used a two-state Variable Valve Timing system to switch the intake cam timing by 30°. Newer variants use a more sophisticated system which can vary intake timing incrementally up to 48°. The Lincoln version was made in the United States.

Other engine features include fracture-split forged powder metal connecting rods, a special one-piece cast camshaft, and reinforced plastic intake manifold.

Manufacture

The AJ8 engine is manufactured in an all-new, dedicated Jaguar facility located within the Ford Bridgend Engine Plant in Bridgend, South Wales. The Jaguar "plant-within-a-plant" saved considerable investment costs by Jaguar. It is staffed by workers dedicated to Jaguar engine production and includes a linked flow-line of computer numerically controlled machines with automated loading and assembly. Component supply is on a "just-in-time" basis.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

4.0 L {{Anchor|AJ26|AJ27}}

The {{convert|3996|cc|L|1|order=flip|abbr=on}} AJ26 engine was introduced in 1996. The number "26" comes from 12+6+8 (cylinders), because when the first ideas were sketched, a family of 6-, 8- and 12-cylinder engines was contemplated, although only the 8-cylinder version was produced.

It has a square {{convert|86|mm|in|2|abbr=on}} bore and stroke. It was updated in 1998 as the AJ27 with continuously variable valve timing. The AJ-V8 was updated again in 2000 as the AJ28. The naturally aspirated version produces {{convert|290|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}} in the 2000-2002 XK8.

Supercharged {{Anchor|AJ26S|AJ27S}}

The supercharged version of the AJ26 is used in the high-performance R versions of Jaguar's cars. The engine was updated with AJ27 specifications for 2000. It produces {{convert|370|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}} and {{convert|387|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}} with the help of an Eaton supercharger (modified Roots-blower). The supercharged engine did not use variable cam timing as the normal benefits of improved volumetric efficiency are not noticeable on a boosted engine.

3.2 L

The 3.2 litre variant was the second to be introduced. It reduces the stroke to {{convert|70|mm|in|2|abbr=on}} and power falls to {{convert|240|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}} and {{convert|233|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}}. This variant was not available in the North American market.

3.5 L

The {{convert|3473|cc|L cuin|1|order=flip|abbr=on}} "3.5" was used in the XJ series as well. The stroke was {{convert|76.5|mm|in|2|abbr=on}}. Output was {{convert|262|bhp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}} at 6,250 rpm and {{convert|345|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} at 4,200 rpm.

3.9 L {{Anchor|AJ30|AJ35}}

The {{convert|3934|cc|L|1|order=flip|abbr=on}} AJ30/AJ35 variant is a unique displacement used only by Ford and Lincoln and is built in Ford's Lima, OH engine plant. Bore and stroke is {{convert|86x85|mm|in|2|abbr=on}}. The AJ35 version introduced for the 2003 model year added variable valve timing of the intake camshafts and electronic throttle control. While the block, crankshaft, pistons, and connecting rods are all unique to this displacement, many other parts are shared with the AJ-V8 engines produced in the UK by Jaguar.

The last AJ35 was produced in March 2006 after only 3 years. Total run of AJ30/35 was nearly 250,000 units

4.2 L {{Anchor|AJ33|AJ34}}

The {{convert|4196|cc|L cuin|order=flip|abbr=on}}, AJ33 and AJ34 versions retain the {{convert|86|mm|in|2|abbr=on}} bore with {{convert|90.3|mm|in|2|abbr=on}} stroke. It was introduced in 2002 as the AJ33 and produces {{convert|294|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}} at 6,000 rpm with {{convert|303|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}} of torque at 4,100 rpm, later increased to {{convert|300|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}} and {{convert|310|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}}.

Supercharged {{Anchor|AJ34S}}

The AJ33S is a supercharged/intercooled variant of the AJ33. It was introduced in 2002 to replace the 4.0 SC and produces {{convert|390|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}} at 6,100 rpm with {{convert|399|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}} of torque at 3,500 rpm. The engine was later updated to AJ34S specification to include Variable Valve Timing as well as other minor updates.

Land Rover also offered a supercharged version of the 4.2 L as that company's high-performance engine. Land Rover's version is not the same as the Jaguar's version but it was adapted from it.^[5]

4.4 L

The {{convert|4394|cc|L cuin|1|order=flip|abbr=on}} AJ41 version features an {{convert|88x90.3|mm|in|2|abbr=on}} bore and stroke. This engine also replaced the BMW M62 engine used in 2003-2005 Range Rover models.

Aston Martin 4.3/4.7

Aston Martin hand-assembles a special version of the AJ-V8 for the 2005 V8 Vantage known as AJ37. This unit displaced {{convert|4280|cc|L cuin|1|order=flip|abbr=on}} and produces {{convert|380|bhp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}} at 7,000 rpm and {{convert|409|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} at 5,000 rpm. This engine is unique to Aston Martin and features race-style dry-sump lubrication, which enables it to be mounted low to lower the centre of gravity. The firing order is the same as the other AJ-V8 engines although the cylinder numbering is different (AJ37 = 1-5-4-2-6-3-7-8 vs. AJ26 = 1-2-7-3-4-5-6-8). The engine is assembled by hand at the AM facility in Cologne, Germany, which also builds the V12 for the DB9 and Vanquish. The cylinder block, cylinder heads, crankshaft, connecting rods, pistons, camshafts, inlet and exhaust manifolds, lubrication system and engine management are all unique to the Aston Martin version.

In May 2008, Aston Martin released a new design that used pressed cylinder liners instead of cast-in liners. This allowed for thinner liners, and a higher capacity of {{convert|4735|cc|L cuin|1|order=flip|abbr=on}} for the V8 Vantage. Power output increased to {{convert|420|bhp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}} (an 11% increase on the previous 4.3-litre unit) and peak torque to {{convert|470|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} (a 15% increase). The Aston Martin V8 Vantage S features the same 4.7-litre V8 engine found in the base Vantage, but with improved intake airflow, new mufflers, and new programming that keeps the exhaust system’s bypass valves open longer. The engine in the V8 Vantage S now develops {{convert|430|bhp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}} at 7,300 rpm and torque of {{convert|490|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} at 5,000 rpm representing an increase of {{convert|10|bhp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}} and {{convert|20|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} respectively. This engine is also used in the bespoke Aston Martin DB10 concept car for the 2015 James Bond film Spectre.

AJ-V8 Gen III

An all new direct injection 5.0 L engine family was introduced in 2009 (all new engine block).^[6] Now featuring: spray-guided direct-injection, continuously variable intake and exhaust camshaft timing. The naturally aspirated engines also feature cam profile switching and variable track length inlet manifold. Supercharged engines make use of a sixth-generation TVS® (Twin Vortices Series®) supercharger. The 2010 model year engine conforms to EU5 and ULEV2 emissions regulations.^[6]

AJ133

The Bowler Nemesis also uses a variant of this engine producing {{convert|600|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}}.

AJ126{{Anchor|V6|AJ126|AJ-V6}}

The AJ126 is a {{convert|2995|cc|L cuin|1|order=flip|abbr=on}} 90° petrol V6, having a bore and stroke of {{Convert|84.5x89|mm|in|2|abbr=on}} with a 10.5:1 compression ratio. It is supercharged and liquid cooled featuring direct fuel injection, four overhead camshafts and four valves per cylinder. There are two versions differing in power produced, a standard version making {{Convert|340|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}} at 6,500 rpm and {{Convert|332|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}} between 3,500-50,00 rpm and a high-performance variant making {{Convert|380|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}} at 6,500 rpm and {{Convert|339|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}} between 3,500-5,000 rpm.

The main structural components of the engine are all manufactured from aluminum alloy. The engine is built around a very stiff, lightweight, enclosed V, deep skirt cylinder block. A structural windage tray is bolted to the bottom of the cylinder block to further improve the block stiffness, minimize NVH (noise, vibration and harshness) and help reduce oil foaming. To further enhance the stiffness of the lower engine structure, a heavily ribbed sump body is installed. The sump body also helps to reduce engine noise.

The engine uses a Bosch high pressure direct injection fuel system with fuel pressure provided by two, cam driven high pressure pumps which are driven by a dedicated camshaft. The high pressure pumps supply the fuel rails which in turn supply the three injectors for that bank with fuel at a controlled pressure.

The four camshafts incorporate VCT (variable camshaft timing). VCT allows the timing of the intake and exhaust valves to be adjusted independently of each other. The VCT system is controlled by the Bosch ECM (engine control module) using information from CMP (camshaft position) sensors.

The supercharger is located in the 'vee' of the engine and is driven from the crankshaft by a dedicated secondary drive belt.

The engine meets EU5 emission regulations in Europe and Rest of World (ROW) and ULEV 70 emission regulations in North American Specification (NAS) markets.

The direct fuel injection system, advanced piston and combustion chamber design and the supercharger provide improved fuel consumption and emissions.

The AJ126 V6 is basically an AJ133 V8 engine that has 2 fewer cylinders and is made on the same production line as the AJ133. It shares a very similar block as the supercharged V8 AJ133, with some differences such as reduced bore size. Cylinder heads are also derived from the V8 engine. The engine features a balance shaft to drive the oil pump and balance the crankshaft.

Jaguar is said to be replacing the AJ-126 with an all new Ingenium turbocharged inline-6 engine. It will be smoother, produce substantially more power and burn less fuel.