| 词条 | Gardens of Vatican City | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name = Gardens of the Vatican City |photo = Vatikanische Gaerten Museen Rom.jpg |image_alt = Vatican Gardens |photo_caption = The Vatican Gardens |map_image = Vatican City map EN.png |type = Botanical |location = Vatican City |coords = {{Coord|41|54.2|N|12|27.2|E|type:landmark|display=inline}} |area = {{convert|23|ha|acres|abbr=off}} |plants = |species = |collections = |opened = |namesake = |owner = The Pope as Bishop of Rome |operator = |budget = |visitation_num= |status = Active |website = }} The Gardens of Vatican City ({{lang-la|Horti Civitatis Vaticanae}}), also informally known as the Vatican Gardens ({{lang-it|Giardini Vaticani}}) in Vatican City, are private urban gardens and parks which cover more than half of the country, located in the west of the territory and owned by the Pope. There are some buildings, such as Radio Vatican and the Governor's Palace, within the gardens. The gardens cover approximately {{convert|23|ha|acres}} which is most of the Vatican Hill. The highest point is {{convert|60|m}} above mean sea level. Stone walls bound the area in the North, South and West. The gardens and parks were established during the Renaissance and Baroque era and are decorated with fountains and sculptures. There is no general public access, but guided tours are available to limited numbers.[1] The gardens also enshrine 16 Marian images venerated worldwide at the designation of the Roman Pontiff, who is the owner of the gardens. HistoryPious tradition claim that the foundation site of the Vatican Gardens was spread with sacred soil brought from Mount Calvary by Empress Saint Helena[2][2] to symbolically unite the blood of Jesus Christ with that shed by thousands of early Christians, who died in the persecutions of Emperor Nero Caesar Augustus.[3] The gardens date back to medieval times when orchards and vineyards extended to the north of the Papal Apostolic Palace.[4] In 1279, Pope Nicholas III (Giovanni Gaetano Orsini, 1277–1280) moved his residence back to the Vatican from the Lateran Palace and enclosed this area with walls.[5] He planted an orchard (pomerium), a lawn (pratellum) and a garden (viridarium).[5] The site received a major re-landscaping at the beginning of the 16th century,[4] during the pontificate of Pope Julius II.[6] Donato Bramante's original design was then split into three new courtyards,[6] the Cortili del Belvedere, the "della Biblioteca" and the "della Pigna" (or Pine Cone)[4][6] in the Renaissance landscape design style. Also in Renaissance style, a great rectangular Labyrinth, formal in design, set in boxwood and framed with Italian stone pines, (Pinus pinea) and cedars of Lebanon, (Cedrus libani).[3] In place of Nicholas III's enclosure, Bramante built a great rectilinear defensive wall.[6] Today's Vatican Gardens are spread over nearly {{convert|23|ha|acres}}, they contain a variety of medieval fortifications, buildings and monuments from the 9th century to the present day, set among vibrant flower beds and topiary, green lawns and a {{convert|3|ha|acres}} patch of forest. There are a variety of fountains cooling the gardens, sculptures, an artificial grotto devoted to Our Lady of Lourdes, and an olive tree donated by the government of Israel.[7] Patroness of the GardensPope Pius XI designated Saint Therese of Lisieux The Little Flower as the official Patroness of the gardens on 17 May 1927, according her the title as "Sacred Keeper of the Gardens" and within the same year a small temple dedicated to her was built within the gardens near the Leonine walls. List of Marian images enshrinedThe following are the official list of venerated images of the Blessed Virgin Mary enshrined at the Vatican Gardens:
GallerySee also
ReferencesNotes1. ^{{cite web|url=http://biglietteriamusei.vatican.va/musei/tickets/do?action=booking&codiceTipoVisita=3&step=2|title=Vatican Museums - Online Ticket Office|author=|date=|work=vatican.va}} 2. ^Patron saint of archaeologists 3. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.moplants.com/archives/vatican_gardens.php |title=MO Plants: Vatican Gardens |publisher=© 2006 MoPlants.com] |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308064711/http://www.moplants.com/archives/vatican_gardens.php |archivedate=March 8, 2012}} Archived: 8 March 2012. 4. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.pellegrinocattolico.com/ctv/gardens.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080413133503/http://www.pellegrinocattolico.com/ctv/gardens.htm |archivedate=13 April 2008 |title=Al Pellegrino Cattolico: The Vatican Gardens |accessdate=2008-11-21 |publisher=© 2008 Al Pellegrino Cattolico s.r.l. Via di Porta Angelica 81 (S.Pietro) I- 00193 Roma, Italy |deadurl=yes |df= }} 5. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.vaticanstate.va/EN/Monuments/The_Vatican_Gardens/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080821063830/http://www.vaticanstate.va/EN/Monuments/The_Vatican_Gardens/ |archivedate=21 August 2008 |title=Official Vatican City State Website: A Visit to the Vatican Gardens |accessdate=2008-11-21 |publisher=© 2007–08 Uffici di Presidenza S.C.V. |deadurl=yes |df= }} 6. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=http://www.romeguide.it/VATICANO/gardens1/gardens.htm|title=Vatican Gardens|accessdate=2008-11-21 |publisher=© 2008 Cooperativa IL SOGNO, Viale Regina Margherita, 192 – 00198 ROMA}} 7. ^{{cite news |url = https://www.nytimes.com/1997/07/06/travel/glorious-gardens-of-the-vatican.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm |title = Glorious Gardens of the Vatican |accessdate = 2013-03-01 |last = Hofmann |first = Paul |date = 6 July 1997 |work = New York Times}} Bibliography
SourcesThe initial version is based upon the article it:Giardini Vaticani of the Italian language edition of Wikipedia. Data concerning the measures of lengths were taken from the article de:Vatikanische Gärten of the German language edition of Wikipedia.External links{{Commons|Giardini Vaticani}}
2 : Geography of Vatican City|Parks in Vatican City |
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