| 词条 | James Brindley Nicolson |
| 释义 |
|name= Eric James Brindley Nicolson |image= Eric Nicolson VC IWM CH 1700.jpg |image_size= 300 |alt= |caption= Flight Lieutenant Nicolson (centre) while recuperating from wounds after his VC action, November 1940 |nickname= |birth_date= {{birth date|df=yes|1917|04|29}} |birth_place= Hampstead, London |death_date= {{Death date and age|df=yes|1945|05|2|1917|04|29}} |death_place= Bay of Bengal |placeofburial= |allegiance= United Kingdom |branch= Royal Air Force |serviceyears= 1936–1945 |rank= Wing Commander |servicenumber= 39329 |unit= No. 72 Squadron No. 249 Squadron |commands= No. 27 Squadron |battles= Second World War
|awards= Victoria Cross Distinguished Flying Cross |relations= |laterwork= }} Wing Commander Eric James Brindley Nicolson, {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100|sep=,|VC|DFC}} (29 April 1917 – 2 May 1945) was a fighter pilot in the Royal Air Force and a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. Early lifeEric James Brindley Nicolson was born in Hampstead, London, on 29 April 1917, and was educated at Yardley Court and Tonbridge School. In 1935 Nicolson began working as an engineer, and in 1936 he joined the Royal Air Force, with the service number 39329.[1] After his training he joined No. 72 Squadron in 1937 and later moved to No. 249 Squadron in 1940. Second World WarNicolson was 23 years old and a flight lieutenant in No. 249 Squadron during the Second World War when he was awarded the Victoria Cross. On 16 August 1940 having departed RAF Boscombe Down, near Southampton Nicolson's Hawker Hurricane was fired on by a Messerschmitt Bf 110, injuring the pilot in one eye and one foot. His engine was also damaged and the petrol tank set alight. As he struggled to leave the blazing machine he saw another Messerschmitt, and managing to get back into the bucket seat, pressed the firing button and continued firing until the enemy plane dived away to destruction. Not until then did he bail out, and he was able to open his parachute in time to land safely in a field. On his descent, he was fired on by members of the Home Guard, who ignored his cry of being a RAF pilot. Victoria Cross citationThe announcement and accompanying citation for the decoration was published in supplement to the London Gazette on 15 November 1940, reading {{quote|Air Ministry, 15 November 1940.The KING has been graciously pleased to confer the Victoria Cross on the undermentioned officer in recognition of most conspicuous bravery : — Flight Lieutenant James Brindley NICOLSON (39329) — No. 249 Squadron. During an engagement with the enemy near Southampton on 16th August 1940, Flight Lieutenant Nicolson's aircraft was hit by four cannon shells, two of which wounded him whilst another set fire to the gravity tank. When about to abandon his aircraft owing to flames in the cockpit he sighted an enemy fighter. This he attacked and shot down, although as a result of staying in his burning aircraft he sustained serious burns to his hands, face, neck and legs. Flight Lieutenant Nicolson has always displayed great enthusiasm for air fighting and this incident shows that he possesses courage and determination of a high order. By continuing to engage the enemy after he had been wounded and his aircraft set on fire, he displayed exceptional gallantry and disregard for the safety of his own life.[2]}} Fully recovered by September 1941, Nicolson was posted to India in 1942. Between August 1943 and August 1944 he was a squadron leader and commanding officer of No. 27 Squadron, flying Bristol Beaufighters over Burma. During this time he was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross. As a wing commander, Nicholson was killed on 2 May 1945 when a RAF B-24 Liberator from No. 355 Squadron, in which he was flying as an observer, caught fire and crashed into the Bay of Bengal. His body was not recovered. He is commemorated on the Singapore Memorial.[3] Nicolson was the only Battle of Britain pilot and the only pilot of RAF Fighter Command to be awarded the Victoria Cross during the Second World War. Nicolson's Victoria Cross is displayed at the Royal Air Force Museum, Hendon, England. CommemorationIn 2015, the RAF repainted a modern Eurofighter Typhoon jet, ZK349, in Second World War colours, and applied Nicolson's squadron number, GN-A, to commemorate the 75th anniversary of the Battle of Britain.[4] References1. ^{{Citation | url = http://www.battleofbritain1940.net/bobhsoc/ | title = Battle of Britain 1940}}. 2. ^{{London Gazette |issue= 34993|date=15 November 1940|page=6569}} 3. ^{{CWGC|id=1815716|name=Nicolson, James Brindley|access-date=9 January 2017}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/defence/11621765/Typhoon-gets-Battle-of-Britain-VC-heros-colours-to-celebrate-The-Few.html|title=Typhoon gets Battle of Britain VC hero's colours to celebrate 'The Few'|last=Farmer|first=Ben|date=21 May 2015|work=The Daily Telegraph|accessdate=22 May 2015}} Further reading
External links{{Commonscat|James Brindley Nicolson}}{{refbegin}}
12 : 1917 births|1945 deaths|People from Hampstead|Royal Air Force officers|Royal Air Force pilots of World War II|Royal Air Force recipients of the Victoria Cross|British military personnel killed in World War II|Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)|Aviators killed in aviation accidents or incidents|The Few|British World War II recipients of the Victoria Cross|People educated at Tonbridge School |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。