| 词条 | James Broadwood Lyall |
| 释义 |
Sir James Broadwood Lyall {{post-nominals|country=GBR|GCIE|KCSI}} (1838 – 4 December 1916) was a British administrator in the Indian Civil Service during the British Raj. BiographyJames Lyall was born in 1838.[1] He was a son of Alfred Lyall and Mary Drummond.[1] His elder brother was Alfred Comyn Lyall, and his paternal uncles included a Dean of Canterbury, William Rowe Lyall, and a chairman of the British East India Company, George Lyall.[2] He was educated first at Eton College and then at Haileybury College.[1] He joined the Bengal Civil Service in 1857, arriving in India the following year. He served with the Punjab commission until the end of 1859 and went on to serve as the financial commissioner of the Punjab.[1] He was the first vice-chancellor of the University of the Punjab, a post to which he was appointed in October 1882.[3] Between 1883 and 1887, Lyall served in southern India as the Resident in Mysore and Chief Commissioner of Coorg.[4] Between 1887 and 1892, Lyall was Lieutenant Governor of the Punjab.[4] He was appointed as a Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of India in 1888.[5] While Lieutenant-Governor, Lyall helped to found and develop many of the Canal colonies throughout the Punjab, an ambitious plan to harness the rivers of the region and transform {{convert|6000000|acres|ha}} of desert into agricultural land.[6] He was also instrumental in establishing one of the first planned cities in British India, which was named Lyallpur in his honour and is now Faisalabad.[7][8] Lyall was appointed as Knight Grand Commander of the Indian Empire in May 1892, after ending his tenure in the Punjab.[9] In 1893, he was appointed to the Royal Commission on Opium, which he thought was an official attempt to procrastinate in order to silence opposition to opium use and its trade. Lyall believed there was nothing untoward about moderate use of opium.[4] In 1898, he served as President of the Indian Famine Commission.[4] He died on 4 December 1916 in Eastry, Kent and is buried in the local churchyard.{{cn|date=February 2018}} PublicationsLyall contributed a chapter on the Punjab to The British Empire series, published in 1899.[10] References1. ^{{ODNBweb|id=34641|title=Lyall, Sir Alfred Comyn James}} 2. ^{{cite book |first=Satish Chandra |last=Mittal |title=India Distorted: A Study of British Historians on India |volume=2 |publisher=M.D. Publications |year=1995 |isbn=978-8-17533-018-4 |page=285 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jfA0bfl9L9UC&pg=PA285}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://pu.edu.pk/page/show/former-vcs.html |title=University of the Punjab - Former Vice Chancellors |publisher=University of the Punjab |date= |accessdate=2018-02-08 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160706180827/http://pu.edu.pk/page/show/former-vcs.html |archivedate=6 July 2016 |df=dmy-all }} 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite book |first=Paul C. |last=Winther |title=Anglo-European Science and the Rhetoric of Empire: Malaria, Opium, and British Rule in India, 1756-1895 |publisher=Lexington Books |year=2003 |pages=135-137 |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=CGfoZeWoopIC&pg=PA135}} 5. ^{{London Gazette |issue=9948 |date=5 June 1888 |page=574 |city=e}} 6. ^{{cite journal |journal=Journal of Punjab Studies |volume=14 |issue=1 |first=Ian A. |last=Talbot |title=Punjab Under Colonialism: Order and Transformation in British India |pages=3-10 |date=2007 |url=http://www.global.ucsb.edu/punjab/sites/secure.lsit.ucsb.edu.gisp.d7_sp/files/sitefiles/journals/volume14/no1/14.1_Talbot.pdf |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180209063024/http://www.global.ucsb.edu/punjab/sites/secure.lsit.ucsb.edu.gisp.d7_sp/files/sitefiles/journals/volume14/no1/14.1_Talbot.pdf |archivedate=9 February 2018 |df=dmy-all }} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://faisalabad.dc.lhc.gov.pk/PublicPages/HistoryOfDistrict.aspx|title=Brief History of Faisalabad|publisher=District Court of Faisalabad|accessdate=2018-02-08|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709065525/http://faisalabad.dc.lhc.gov.pk/PublicPages/HistoryOfDistrict.aspx|archivedate=9 July 2017|df=dmy-all}} 8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.gcuf.edu.pk/about/the-city-faisalabad/ |publisher=Government College University Faisalabad |title=The City Faisalabad |accessdate=2018-02-08 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160619095156/http://gcuf.edu.pk/about/the-city-faisalabad |archivedate=19 June 2016 |df=dmy-all }} 9. ^{{London Gazette |issue=10365 |date=27 May 1892 |page=678 |city=e}} 10. ^{{cite book |title=The British Empire Series |volume=1 |publisher=Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Company, Limited |year=1899 |chapter=The Punjab |page=202 |url=https://archive.org/stream/britishempirese01lond#page/202/mode/2up}} External links
10 : Administrators in British India|Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire|Knights Commander of the Order of the Star of India|1838 births|1916 deaths|People educated at Eton College|People educated at Haileybury and Imperial Service College|Vice-Chancellors of the University of the Punjab|Governors of Punjab (British India)|19th-century English writers |
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