| 词条 | Gau Bayreuth |
| 释义 |
|conventional_long_name = Gau Bayreuth{{-}}Gau Bayerische Ostmark |common_name = Gau Bayreuth |subdivision = Gau |nation = Nazi Germany |image_flag = Flag of German Reich (1935–1945).svg |image_coat = Reichsadler.svg |image_map = NS administrative Gliederung 1944.png |image_map_caption = Map of Nazi Germany showing its administrative subdivisions (Gaue and Reichsgaue). |national_anthem = |capital = Bayreuth |stat_year1 = 17 May 1939[1] |stat_area1 = |stat_pop1 = 2220873 |p1 = Bavaria |flag_p1 = Flag of Bavaria (lozengy).svg |p2 = Czechoslovakia |flag_p2 = Flag of the Czech Republic.svg |s1 = Bavaria |flag_s1 = Flag of Bavaria (lozengy).svg |s2 = Czechoslovakia |flag_s2 = Flag of the Czech Republic.svg |event_start = Establishment |year_start = 1933 |date_start = 30 January |event_end = Disestablishment |year_end = 1945 |date_end = 8 May |pol_subdiv = |title_leader = Gauleiter |leader1 = Hans Schemm |year_leader1 = 1933–1935 |leader2 = Fritz Wächtler |year_leader2 = 1935–1945 |leader3 = Ludwig Ruckdeschel |year_leader3 = 1945 |today={{GER}} {{flag|Czech Republic}} }} Gau Bayreuth (until 1942, Gau Bayerische Ostmark (English: Bavarian Eastern March)) was an administrative division of Nazi Germany in Lower Bavaria, Upper Palatinate and Upper Franconia, Bavaria, from 1933 to 1945. From 1926 to 1933, it was the regional subdivision of the Nazi Party for these areas. HistoryThe Nazi Gau (plural Gaue) system was originally established in a party conference on 22 May 1926, in order to improve administration of the party structure. From 1933 onwards, after the Nazi seizure of power, the Gaue increasingly replaced the German states as administrative subdivisions in Germany.[2] At the head of each Gau stood a Gauleiter, a position which became increasingly more powerful, especially after the outbreak of the Second World War. Local Gauleiter were in charge of propaganda and surveillance and, from September 1944 onwards, the Volkssturm and the defence of the Gau.[2][3] The Gau Bayerische Ostmark was formed in 1933, when Hans Schemm united the three Gaue of Oberpfalz, Niederbayern and Oberfranken into one in an internal power struggle. The term Bayerische Ostmark was coined after the First World War for the region to refer to the fact that the area now bordered the new Czechoslovakia, a country perceived as hostile to Germany. The term Mark ({{lang-en|March}}) was historically used in Imperial Germany for border regions to hostile neighbors.[4] It was the only one of the Bavarian Gaue to incorporate more than one Regierungsbezirk, covering three of them. Hans Schemm led the Gau until his death in a plane accident in 1935; his successor, Fritz Wächtler, could not muster the same popularity with the population of the region. After the occupation of Czechoslovakia, parts of this country were incorporated in the Gau. The districts (German: Kreis) of Prachatitz (population: 38,328) and Klattau were added to the Gau.[5] From 1938, the Gau was also home to the Flossenbürg concentration camp and its many subcamps. Because the Gau Bayerische Ostmark was not a border region any more, it was renamed into Gau Bayreuth in 1942. Wächtler was shot on orders of Hitler, having left his capital Bayreuth in April 1945. He was replaced by Ludwig Ruckdeschel, whose reign until the surrender of Nazi Germany was very brief.[6] GauleiterThe Gauleiter of Gau Bayreuth:[7][8]
Ludwig Ruckdeschel was also the deputy Gauleiter from 1 February 1933 to June 1941. In this position, he led the Gau from Hans Schemm's death to the appointment of Fritz Wächtler in 1935. After Wächtler's execution for defeatism by an SS squad in 1945, he became Gauleiter himself. References1. ^Bayrisches Landesamt für Statistik accessed: 26 June 2008 2. ^1 {{cite web |url=https://www.dhm.de/lemo/kapitel/ns-regime/innenpolitik/gaue/ |title= Die NS-Gaue |date= |website=dhm.de |publisher=Deutsches Historisches Museum|access-date= 24 March 2016|language=German|trans-title=The Nazi Gaue }} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nizkor.org/hweb/imt/nca/nca-01/nca-01-06-organization.html |title= The Organization of the Nazi Party & State |date= |website=nizkor.org |publisher=The Nizkor Project|access-date= 24 March 2016|language=|trans-title= }} 4. ^Bayerische Ostmark, 1933-45 {{De icon}} Historisches Lexikon Bayerns, accessed: 27 June 2008 5. ^Deutsche Verwaltungsgeschichte: Landkreis Prachatitz {{De icon}} accessed: 10 November 2008 6. ^Bayerische Ostmark, 1933-45 {{De icon}} Historisches Lexikon Bayerns, accessed: 27 June 2008 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.verwaltungsgeschichte.de/gau_bayern.html |title= Gau Bayerische Ostmark |date= |website=verwaltungsgeschichte.de |publisher=|access-date= 24 March 2016|language=German|trans-title= }} 8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.zukunft-braucht-erinnerung.de/uebersicht-der-nsdap-gaue-der-gauleiter-und-der-stellvertretenden-gauleiter-zwischen-1933-und-1945/ |title= Übersicht der NSDAP-Gaue, der Gauleiter und der Stellvertretenden Gauleiter zwischen 1933 und 1945 |date= |website=zukunft-braucht-erinnerung.de |publisher=Zukunft braucht Erinnerung|access-date= 24 March 2016|language=German|trans-title=Overview of Nazi Gaue, the Gauleiter and assistant Gauleiter from 1933 to 1945 }} External links
5 : Nazi Gaue|Former states and territories of Bavaria|1933 establishments in Germany|1945 disestablishments in Germany|Bayreuth |
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