| 词条 | Gautam (Rajput clan) |
| 释义 |
The Gautam Rajput belongs to the Suryavanshi division of Rajputs, found in the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh[1] and Bihar.[2] BiographyGautam Rajput have Chamunda mata, Durga mata as their Kuldevi. Some Gautam Rajputs fought for Sher Shah Suri (otherwise known as Sher Khan) against Humayun in the 16th century.[3] Later, some of the community were awarded zamindaris by the Mughal emperor Jahangir,[4] an example of which was the family settled in Azamgarh that took the title of Raja from around 1609.[5] By the time of Aurangzeb's reign, the Gautams had gained enough strength to field armed contingents including artillery, horse cavalry and elephants and made incursions against the neighboring zamindars of Gorakhpur.[6] One late 17th-century Gautam chief from the Azamgarh area, named Bikramajit Singh, converted to Islam after Aurangzeb threatened that he would otherwise be executed.[7] His sons and descendants went on to found communities, establish markets and construct improvements such as a canal connecting the Tons River with the Kol.[6] In the case of one Gautam Rajput family, from Nagar, the decision by the British East India Company to dispossess them in favour of another landholder was the cause of them joining in the Indian rebellion of 1857.[8] Prior to that rebellion, some Gautam communities, in common with other groups that once held high status and power, were practitioners of female infanticide. This was in part a result of British policies that led to declining socio-economic fortunes and thus a reduction in their ability to construct favourable marriage alliances.[9] Today, some Gautam Rajputs, who also refer to themselves as Gautam Thakurs, are Muslim and others are Hindus. However, their social and religious customs blur the lines that might usually be expected to exist between different religious communities in India. Indeed, their common identity as Rajputs often over-rides their differences in religion and they can be found participating in each other's customs and rituals.[10] References1. ^{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Ram Bali |title=Rajput Clan-settlements in Varanasi District |date=1975 |publisher=National Geographical Society of India |page=61}} 2. ^{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Ram Bali |title=Clan Settlements in the Saran Plain (Middle Ganga Valley): A Study in Cultural Geography |date=1977 |publisher=National Geographical Society of India, Banaras Hindu University |pages=145}} 3. ^{{cite book |title=Naukar, Rajput, and Sepoy: The Ethnohistory of the Military Labour Market of Hindustan, 1450-1850 |first=Dirk H. A. |last=Kolff |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2002 |orig-year=First published 1990 |isbn=978-0-52152-305-9 |page=65 |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=SrdiVPsFRYIC&pg=PA65}} 4. ^{{cite book |title=The Eighteenth Century in India |first=Seema |last=Alavi |page=94 |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-19565-640-4}} 5. ^{{cite book |title=Kin, Clan, Raja, and Rule: Statehinterland Relations in Preindustrial India |first=Richard Gabriel |last=Fox |publisher=University of California Press |year=1971 |isbn=978-0-52001-807-5 |page=107 |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FHEcBTmxlOEC&pg=PA107}} 6. ^1 {{cite book |chapter=Aspects of Agrarian Uprisings in North India in the Early Eighteenth Century|title=The Mughal State 1526-1750 |editor=Muzaffar Alam |editor2=Sanjay Subrahmanyam |author=Muzaffar Alam |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0195652253 |pages=461–463 |url=https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.129954/2015.129954.The-Mughal-State-1526-1750_djvu.txt}} 7. ^{{cite book |title=Spirals of Contention: Why India was Partitioned in 1947 |first=Satish |last=Saberwal |publisher=Routledge |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-415-46735-3 |page=25 |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=AALgCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA25}} 8. ^{{cite journal |title=1857: Need for Alternative Sources |first=Pankaj |last=Rag |journal=Social Scientist |volume=26 |issue=1 |year=1998 |pages=113–147 |doi=10.2307/3517585 |jstor=3517585 |subscription=yes}} 9. ^{{cite book |title=Colonialism as Civilizing Mission: Cultural Ideology in British India |editor1-first=Harald |editor1-last=Fischer-Tiné |editor2-first=Michael |editor2-last=Mann |publisher=Anthem Press |year=2004 |isbn=978-1-84331-363-2 |pages=126–128 |first=Malavika |last=Kasturi |chapter=Taming the 'Dangerous' Rajput; Family, Marriage and Female Infanticide in Nineteenth-Century Colonial North India |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=bMh8CAAAQBAJ&pg=PA126}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.indiatoday.com/itoday/20020715/living.shtml |title=Mixed Strains |publisher=India Today |first= Subhash |last=Mishra |date=2002-07-15 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924034445/http://www.indiatoday.com/itoday/20020715/living.shtml |archivedate=2015-09-24}} Further reading
3 : Rajput clans of Uttar Pradesh|Rajput clans of Bihar|Hindu communities |
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