| 词条 | Gau Westmark |
| 释义 |
|conventional_long_name = Gau Westmark |common_name = Gau Westmark |subdivision = Gau |nation = Nazi Germany |image_flag = Flag of German Reich (1935–1945).svg |image_coat = Reichsadler.svg |image_map = NS administrative Gliederung 1944.png |image_map_caption = Map of Nazi Germany showing its administrative subdivisions (Gaue and Reichsgaue). |national_anthem = |capital = {{nowrap|Neustadt an der Weinstraße (1933–1935) Saarbrücken (1935–1945)}} |p1 = Bavaria |flag_p1 = Flag of Bavaria (lozengy).svg |p2 = Free State of Oldenburg |flag_p2 = Civil flag of Oldenburg.svg |p3 = Territory of the Saar Basin |flag_p3 = Flag of Saar 1920-1935.svg |p4 = Moselle (department) |flag_p4 = Flag fr-lorraine 300px.png |s1 = Rheinland-Pfalz |flag_s1 = Flag of Rhineland-Palatinate.svg |s2 = Saar Protectorate |flag_s2 = Flag of Saar (1947–1956).svg |s3 = Moselle (department) |flag_s3 = Flag fr-lorraine 300px.png |event_start = Establishment |year_start = 1933 |date_start = 30 January |event_end = Disestablishment |year_end = 1945 |date_end = 8 May |pol_subdiv = |title_leader = Gauleiter |leader1 = Josef Bürckel |year_leader1 = 1933–1944 |leader2 = Willi Stöhr |year_leader2 = 1944–1945 |stat_year1 = |stat_area1 = |stat_pop1 = |today={{flag|France}} {{flag|Germany}} }} The Gau Westmark (English: Western March) was an administrative division of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945. From 1926 to 1933, it was a regional subdivision of the Nazi Party. HistoryThe Nazi Gau (plural Gaue) system was originally established in a party conference on 22 May 1926 to improve administration of the party structure. From 1933 onwards, after the Nazi seizure of power, the Gaue increasingly replaced the German states as administrative subdivisions in Germany.[1] The Gau was originally established in the parts of Bavaria left of the river Rhine, the Palatinate (German:Pfalz). As such, it carried the name Gau Rheinpfalz (English:Rhenish Palatinate). The territory of Oldenburgs Birkenfeld was also annexed to the Gau in 1934. With the return of the Saar Basin to Germany on March 1, 1935, the two regions were merged and formed the new Gau Pfalz-Saar. This Gau was renamed Gau Saarpfalz (English:Saar-Palatinate) on January 13, 1936. After the outbreak of the Second World War and the defeat of France in 1940, the French département of Moselle, renamed "CdZ-Gebiet Lothringen", was added to the Gau on 30 November 1940.[2] On 7 December 1940, it was again renamed, now Gau Westmark. Gauleiter Bürckel hoped that Westmark would be extended as far as Germany's future western border, especially keeping in mind the ore region of Briey-Longwy in the département of Meurthe-et-Moselle.[3] Bürckel further laid claims to parts of Alsace and even Baden. The Gau, however, remained as such until the defeat of Germany in 1945.[3] At the head of each Gau stood a Gauleiter, a position which became increasingly more powerful, especially after the outbreak of the Second World War. Local Gauleiter were in charge of propaganda and surveillance and, from September 1944 onwards, the Volkssturm and the defence of the Gau.[1][4] The position of Gauleiter in Westmark was held by Josef Bürckel for the majority of the existence of the Gau until 1944, when Willi Stöhr took over.[5][6] References1. ^1 {{cite web |url=https://www.dhm.de/lemo/kapitel/ns-regime/innenpolitik/gaue/ |title= Die NS-Gaue |date= |website=dhm.de |publisher=Deutsches Historisches Museum|access-date= 24 March 2016|language=German|trans-title=The Nazi Gaue }} 2. ^Jacques Lorraine (Edmond Huntzbuchler): Les Allemands en France. Origines, Bretagne, Zone interdite Est, Bourgogne, Alsace et Lorraine, editions du Désert, Alger-Oran, 1945, p. 121-124. 3. ^1 {{cite book |last1=Kroener |first1=Bernhard R. |last2=Müller |first2=Rolf-Dieter |last3=Umbreit |first3=Hans |title=Germany and the Second World War: Organization and mobilization of the German sphere of power. Wartime administration, economy, and manpower resources 1939-1941 |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2000 |page=169 |isbn=0-19-822887-2}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nizkor.org/hweb/imt/nca/nca-01/nca-01-06-organization.html |title= The Organization of the Nazi Party & State |date= |website=nizkor.org |publisher=The Nizkor Project|access-date= 24 March 2016|language=|trans-title= }} 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.zukunft-braucht-erinnerung.de/uebersicht-der-nsdap-gaue-der-gauleiter-und-der-stellvertretenden-gauleiter-zwischen-1933-und-1945/ |title= Übersicht der NSDAP-Gaue, der Gauleiter und der Stellvertretenden Gauleiter zwischen 1933 und 1945 |date= |website=zukunft-braucht-erinnerung.de |publisher=Zukunft braucht Erinnerung|access-date= 24 March 2016|language=German|trans-title=Overview of Nazi Gaue, the Gauleiter and assistant Gauleiter from 1933 to 1945 }} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.verwaltungsgeschichte.de/gau_saar.html |title= Gau Westmark|date= |website=verwaltungsgeschichte.de |publisher=|access-date= 24 March 2016|language=German|trans-title= }} External links
5 : Nazi Gaue|Former states and territories of Rhineland-Palatinate|German occupation of France during World War II|1933 establishments in Germany|1945 disestablishments in Germany |
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