| 词条 | GEC Computers |
| 释义 |
GEC Computers Limited was the computer manufacturing company under the GEC holding company. HistoryStarting life as Elliott Automation, the data processing computer products were transferred to ICT/ICL and non-computing products to English Electric as part of a reorganisation of the parent company forced by the British Government. Elliott Automation retained the real-time computing systems, the Elliott 900 series computers, and set about designing a new range of computer systems to carry them forward long-term. The rules of the reorganisation disallowed Elliott Automation to continue working on data processing computing products for some years after the split (and similarly, disallowed ICT/ICL to work on real-time computing products). Three new computer ranges were identified, known internally as Alpha, Beta, and Gamma. Alpha became the GEC 2050 8-bit minicomputer, and beta became the GEC 4080 16-bit minicomputer with its unique Nucleus feature. Gamma was never developed, so a few of its enhanced features were consequently pulled back into the GEC 4080. The main company product was the GEC 4000 series minicomputers, which were used by many other GEC and Marconi companies as the basis for real-time control systems in industrial and military applications, and development of many new computers in the series continued through most of the life of the company. Other products manufactured in the earlier years were the GEC 2050, computer power supplies, and high resolution military computer displays, as well as the Elliott 900 series for existing 900 series customers. GEC Computers also found that some of the software applications it developed for its own use were salable to other companies, such as its salary payment services, its multi-layer printed circuit board design software, and its project management software. In the mid-1970s, GEC Computers was working on OS4000, a more advanced operating system for the GEC 4000 series. This opened up the GEC 4000 series computers to more customers, including many in the academic and research communities. A number of collaborative projects ran, some of which resulted in applications which GEC Computers developed further and sold, in addition to the sales of the computers themselves. One of the largest of these were X.25 packet switch systems, which resulted from a research collaboration with NERC. In the late 1970s, UK General Post Office developed Prestel on GEC 4000 series. This resulted in sales of similar systems all over the world. In 1979, the company was awarded the Queen's Award for Technical Achievement for the development of the 4000 series, particularly Nucleus.[1] By 1980, OS4000 was becoming quite popular in the UK academic and research organisations as a multi-user system, with installations at Rutherford-Appleton Laboratory, Daresbury Laboratory, Harwell Laboratory, NERC, Met Office, CERN, in many university Physics and/or Engineering departments, and as the main central computer service at University College London (Euclid) and Keele University. So, in the early 1980s, the company launched the GEC Series 63, which was specifically aimed at this market, but the GEC Series 63 was not a success, and the project was wound down after a few years, with the GEC 4000 Series continuing to be the company's main product. The numbers of GEC computer systems around the UK by now meant that GEC Computers had built up a widespread field service organisation, and could guarantee on-site response within hours across pretty much the whole UK. This turned out to be a valuable asset. Many new technology companies trying to enter the market struggled when required to provide this type of service, and GEC Computers started taking on 3rd party field service support for many other companies, including some which competed with GEC Computers own products. (GEC Computers field service operations is still identifiable [in 2009] in Telent.) Throughout the 1980s, GEC Computers expanded from its Borehamwood offices into 3 large purpose-built factory units in Woodside Estate, Dunstable. The company closed these as the business contracted in the 1990s. GEC Computers extensive presence in UK academic and research organisations, and the UK field service organisation, led Sun Microsystems to choose GEC Computers to be its presence in the UK for the UK launch of its Sun-2 product range in the early 1980s, which GEC Computers sold under the name of GEC Series 42. GEC Computers developed some reduced cost workstations called the GEC Series 21 based on Atari 520ST and 1040ST systems with replaced PROM operating system code. GEC Computers was not particularly successful at selling the Sun systems, and Sun opened UK offices to sell direct, although GEC Computers field service continued providing field service for Sun Microsystems across the UK for many years, until Sun built up its own field service organisation. At the company's peak in the early 1980s, there were about 1,600 employees, mainly based in the original Elliott building at Borehamwood UK, and at three new purpose built factory units in Woodside Estate in Dunstable UK. There were a number of small offices in many other countries too. By the 1990s, the real-time process control market was moving to cheaper microprocessor based systems, and GEC 4000 series sales into that market dried up. X.25 networks were being replaced by Internet networks, and so X.25 packet switch sales dwindled too. This left just the Videotex sales to other countries, and so the company concentrated on this product. However, there was only a window of a few years before the World Wide Web displaced Videotex systems, and the last of the company's main products also dried up. From the mid-1990s, manufacture of systems ceased, although maintenance of installed systems and 3rd party maintenance still continues today (2019). Company NameThe company had many different names throughout its lifetime, although GEC Computers is probably the most well recognised in connection with the company's main products through the 1970s and 1980s. In chronological order, the sequence of company names was:
after which the remains of the company folded into Marconi Communications, and subsequently into Telent. GEC Computers was granted special permission by GEC to not use the logo on its products, as the logo was seen as rather old fashioned (even back in the early 1970s) for the new branding for the company. At the time, there was pressure from some other GEC subsidiary companies to have the GEC logo modernised, but GEC refused to do so. Products and services
See also
References
1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cucumber.demon.co.uk/geccl/4000series/Queens_Award.pdf|title=GEC Computers wins Queens Award|date=21 April 1979|accessdate=2011-01-15}} {{General Electric Company plc}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Gec Computers}} 7 : Minicomputers|Defunct computer hardware companies|Engineering companies of the United Kingdom|Computer companies of the United Kingdom|Former defence companies of the United Kingdom|General Electric Company plc|GEC Computers |
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