| 词条 | James Martin (Australian politician) |
| 释义 |
|honorific-prefix = The Honourable |name = Sir James Martin |honorific-suffix = KCB, QC |image = Justice James Martin.jpg |order = 6th |office = Premier of New South Wales |term_start = 16 October 1863 |term_end = 2 February 1865 |predecessor = Charles Cowper |successor = Charles Cowper |constituency = Tumut (until 1864) Monaro |term_start2 = 22 January 1866 |term_end2 = 26 October 1868 |predecessor2 = Charles Cowper |successor2 = John Robertson |constituency2 = Lachlan |term_start3 = 16 December 1870 |term_end3 = 13 May 1872 |predecessor3 = Charles Cowper |successor3 = Henry Parkes |office4= Chief Justice of New South Wales |term_start4 = 19 November 1873 |term_end4 = 4 November 1886 |predecessor4 = Sir Alfred Stephen |successor4 = Sir Julian Salomons |birth_date = {{birth date|1820|5|14|df=y}} |birth_place = Midleton, Co. Cork, Ireland, UK |death_date = {{death date and age|1886|11|4|1820|5|14|df=y}} |death_place = Potts Point, New South Wales |restingplace = Waverley Cemetery |nationality = British }} Sir James Martin, KCB, QC (14 May 1820 – 4 November 1886)[1] was three times Premier of New South Wales, and Chief Justice of New South Wales from 1873 to 1886. Early careerMartin was born in Midleton, County Cork, Ireland but emigrated with his parents to Sydney, Australia at the age of one.[1] He was educated at Dame's School, Parramatta and, despite his family's poverty,[2] the Sydney Academy and Sydney College under the tutelage of William Timothy Cape, and left school at the age of 16 to become a reporter. In 1838, Martin published the Australian Sketch Book, a series of character sketches he dedicated to Sydney barrister George Robert Nichols,[3] for whom he was then working as an articled clerk in 1840. Martin qualified as a solicitor in 1845, and combined his legal career with employment as a newspaper editor and publisher. He married Isabella Long on 20 January 1853 and together they produced 15 children.[2] Early political careerIn 1848 Martin stood for the electorate of Durham in the New South Wales Legislative Council, but withdrew before polling day. Later in the same year he was unopposed in a by-election for the electorate of Cook and Westmoreland. Martin was an effective legislator but his sharp tongue and intemperate speeches to the House made him few friends among his parliamentary colleagues. His most notable political achievement in his first eight years in office was to initiate the Parliamentary debate that led to the establishment of a branch of the royal mint in Sydney. In 1856 he was elected to the first parliament under responsible government as the member for Cook and Westmoreland. He subsequently represented East Sydney, Orange, Tumut, Monaro, Lachlan and East Macquarie.[2] In August 1856 he was made Attorney-General of New South Wales in the first ministry of Charles Cowper. The appointment was controversial, as Martin was the first holder of the post not to be a qualified barrister.[4] The appointment was brief, as the government was defeated in a no-confidence motion in October 1856 and Martin returned to the backbench. Martin qualified as a barrister in 1856 and was made a Queen's Counsel in 1857.[2] He returned as Attorney General in the second Cowper Ministry in that year. However, his reputation for intemperate language continued and after a series of conflicts with fellow Ministers he resigned his post in November 1858. Premier of New South WalesIn October 1863, Martin was asked by the Governor of New South Wales to form a government with a mandate to address rising State deficits and rural unemployment. As Premier and Colonial Secretary Martin promptly introduced measures to reduce immigration and increase tariffs, but was unable to secure Parliamentary support for many of his reforms. With limited achievements to its credit, the government suffered a substantial swing at the 1865 election and Martin stepped down to make way for the return of Charles Cowper. Cowper was once again defeated in a no-confidence motion in December 1865, and in January 1866 Martin became Premier for the second time as leader of a coalition government with former rival Henry Parkes. His government resigned in October 1868, but he returned to the Premiership for a third and final time between December 1870 and May 1872. After politicsMartin retired from Parliament in November 1873 and was immediately named to the vacant position of Chief Justice of the New South Wales Supreme Court. He held the post for 13 years, despite considerable ill health in later life. James Martin died at home in Potts Point, Sydney on 4 November 1886 and buried in St Judes churchyard in Randwick, NSW. in 1909 his remains were moved to a new underground vault in the impressive Waverley Cemetery. HonoursMartin was made a Queen's Counsel in 1857 and a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in 1869.[2] Martin Place, a pedestrian mall in the central business district of Sydney was named after him in 1892. 'Lady Martin Beach' a small beach accessible to the public from Wolseley Road, Point Piper, New South Wales is named after his wife, Isabella who resided at nearby Woollahra House. See also
Notes1. ^1 {{cite Australasia|Martin, His Honour the Hon. Sir James}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web |title=Sir James Martin (1820–1886) |work=Members of Parliament |publisher=Parliament of New South Wales |url=http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/parlment/members.nsf/1fb6ebed995667c2ca256ea100825164/272de57e0725f984ca256cb500818679?OpenDocument |accessdate=9 February 2007 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080415192953/http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/parlment/members.nsf/1fb6ebed995667c2ca256ea100825164/272de57e0725f984ca256cb500818679?OpenDocument |archivedate=15 April 2008 |df= }} 3. ^{{Australian Dictionary of Biography |first=Bede |last=Nairn |title=Martin, Sir James (1820–1886) |id2=martin-sir-james-4161 |accessdate=12 August 2013}} 4. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12986858 |title=Law Officers of the Crown |newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=9 September 1856 |accessdate=30 January 2019 |page=4 |via=National Library of Australia}} References
title=Premier of New South Wales | before=Charles Cowper| after=Charles Cowper| years=1863–1865| }}{{succession box| title=Premier of New South Wales| before=Charles Cowper| after=John Robertson| years=1866–1868| }}{{succession box| title=Premier of New South Wales| before=Charles Cowper| after=Henry Parkes| years=1870–1872| }}{{s-par|au-nsw}}{{succession box | title=Member for Cook and Westmoreland | before=New seat | after=Abolished | years=1856–1859 | alongside=Jamison}}{{succession box | title=Member for East Sydney | before=New seat | after=John Caldwell | years=1859–1860 | alongside=Black, Cowper/Faucett, Parkes}}{{succession box | title=Member for Orange | before=John Peisley | after=Charles Cowper, Jr. | years=1862–1863}}{{succession box | title=Member for Tumut | before=Charles Cowper, Jr. | after=Charles Cowper, Jr. | years=1863–1864}}{{succession box | title=Member for Monaro | before=Thomas Garrett | after=William Grahame | years=1864–1865}}{{succession box | title=Member for Lachlan | before=John Ryan | after=James Watson | years=1864–1869}}{{succession box | title=Member for East Sydney | before=Robert Stewart | after=John MacIntosh | years=1869–1872 | alongside=Buchanan, King, Parkes/Wilson}}{{succession box | title=Member for East Macquarie | before=John Suttor | after=Walter Cooper | years=1872–1873}}{{s-legal}}{{succession box |title= Chief Justice of New South Wales | before=Sir Alfred Stephen | after=Sir Julian Salomons | years=1873–1886 }}{{s-end}}{{Premiers of New South Wales}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Martin, James}} 17 : 1820 births|1886 deaths|Premiers of New South Wales|Chief Justices of New South Wales|Judges of the Supreme Court of New South Wales|Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath|Members of the New South Wales Legislative Council|Members of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly|People educated at Sydney Grammar School|Burials at Waverley Cemetery|Australian Queen's Counsel|Attorneys General of the Colony of New South Wales|Colonial Secretaries of New South Wales|Colony of New South Wales judges|19th-century Australian politicians|19th-century Australian judges|People from Midleton, County Cork |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。