| 词条 | James M. McPherson | ||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
For the American Civil War general of similar name, see James B. McPherson.{{Infobox writer | name = James M. McPherson | image = James McPherson 2011 (cropped).jpg{{!}}border | image_size = | alt = | caption = McPherson in June 2011 | native_name = | native_name_lang = | pseudonym = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1936|10|11}} | birth_place = Valley City, North Dakota, U.S. | death_date = | death_place = Atlanta Georgia | resting_place = | occupation = Professor Emeritus | language = | nationality = American | ethnicity = | citizenship = | education = | alma_mater = {{unbulleted list|Gustavus Adolphus College|Johns Hopkins University}} | period = | genre = | subject = | movement = | notableworks = Battle Cry of Freedom (1988), Why Men Fought in the Civil War (1997) | spouse = Patricia McPherson | partner = | children = | relatives = | awards = {{unbulleted list|Pulitzer Prize|Lincoln Prize|Pritzker Military Library Literature Award}} | signature = | signature_alt = | module = | website = | portaldisp = }}{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2013}} James M. "Jim" McPherson (born October 11, 1936) is an American Civil War historian, and is the George Henry Davis '86 Professor Emeritus of United States History at Princeton University. He received the 1989 Pulitzer Prize for Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era. McPherson was the president of the American Historical Association in 2003, and is a member of the editorial board of Encyclopædia Britannica. Early life and educationBorn in Valley City, North Dakota, McPherson graduated from St. Peter High School, and he received his Bachelor of Arts at Gustavus Adolphus College (St. Peter, Minnesota) in 1958 (from which he graduated magna cum laude), and his Ph.D. at Johns Hopkins University in 1963 where he studied under C. Vann Woodward.[1] Career{{external media| float = right| video1 = [https://www.c-span.org/video/?303793-1/career-historian-james-mcpherson Panel discussion hosted by the American Historical Association on the career of James McPherson, January 8, 2012], C-SPAN}}McPherson's works include The Struggle for Equality, awarded the Anisfield-Wolf Award in 1965. In 1988, he published his Pulitzer-winning book, Battle Cry of Freedom. His 1990 book, Abraham Lincoln and the Second American Revolution argues that the emancipation of slaves amounts to a second American Revolution. McPherson's 1998 book, Why Men Fought in the Civil War, received the Lincoln Prize.[2] In 2002, he published both a scholarly book, Crossroads of Freedom: Antietam 1862, and a history of the American Civil War for children, Fields of Fury. McPherson published This Mighty Scourge in 2007, a series of essays about the American Civil War. One essay describes the huge difficulty of negotiation when regime change is a war aim on either side of a conflict. "For at least the past two centuries, nations have usually found it harder to end a war than to start one. Americans learned that bitter lesson in Vietnam, and apparently having forgotten it, we're forced to learn it all over again in Iraq." One of McPherson's examples is the American Civil War, in which both the Union and the Confederacy sought regime change. It took four years to end the war.[3] {{quote|There are all kinds of myths that a people has about itself, some positive, some negative, some healthy and some not healthy. I think that one job of the historian is to try to cut through some of those myths and get closer to some kind of reality. So that people can face their current situation realistically, rather than mythically. I guess that's my sense of what a historian ought to do.|James M. McPherson| An exchange with a Civil War historian[4] }}In 2009, he was the co-winner of the Lincoln Prize for Abraham Lincoln as Commander in Chief.[5] McPherson was named the 2000 Jefferson Lecturer in the humanities by the National Endowment for the Humanities.[1][6][7] In making the announcement of McPherson's selection, NEH Chairman William R. Ferris said: James M. McPherson has helped millions of Americans better understand the meaning and legacy of the American Civil War. By establishing the highest standards for scholarship and public education about the Civil War and by providing leadership in the movement to protect the nation's battlefields, he has made an exceptional contribution to historical awareness in America.[8] In 2007, he was awarded the $100,000 Pritzker Military Library Literature Award for lifetime achievement in military history and was the first recipient of the prize.[9] In 2007, he was awarded the Samuel Eliot Morison Prize for lifetime achievement in military history given by the Society for Military History.[10] He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2009.[11] Personal lifeCurrently, McPherson resides in Princeton, New Jersey. He is married to Patricia{{who|date=October 2017}} and they have one child.{{who|date=October 2017}}[1] ActivismMcPherson is known for his outspokenness on contemporary issues and for his activism, such as his work on behalf of the preservation of Civil War battlefields. As president in 1993-1994 of Protect Historic America, he lobbied against the construction of a Disney theme park near Manassas battlefield.[12] He has also served on the boards of the Civil War Trust as well as the Association for the Preservation of Civil War Sites, a predecessor to the Civil War Trust. From 1990 to 1993, he sat on the Civil War Sites Advisory Commission.[13] Along with several other historians, McPherson signed a May 2009 petition asking U.S. President Barack Obama not to lay a wreath at the Confederate Monument Memorial at Arlington National Cemetery. The petition stated: {{quote|The Arlington Confederate Monument is a denial of the wrong committed against African Americans by slave owners, Confederates, and neo-Confederates, through the monument's denial of slavery as the cause of secession and its holding up of Confederates as heroes. This implies that the humanity of Africans and African Americans is of no significance.Today, the monument gives encouragement to the modern neo-Confederate movement and provides a rallying point for them. The modern neo-Confederate movement interprets it as vindicating the Confederacy and the principles and ideas of the Confederacy and their neo-Confederate ideas. The presidential wreath enhances the prestige of these neo-Confederate events.[14]}} Obama put the wreath on the monument anyway, winning the praise of the Sons of Confederate Veterans.[15] Filmography
See also{{Portal|American Civil War|Biography|Books}}
References1. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=James McPherson Biography|url=http://www.neh.gov/about/awards/jefferson-lecture/james-mcpherson-biography|website=neh.gov/|publisher=National Endowment for the Humanities|accessdate=14 November 2014}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=James McPherson: Tried By War: Abraham Lincoln as Commander-in-Chief|url=http://www.pritzkermilitary.org/whats_on/pritzker-military-presents/james-mcpherson-tried-war/|website=pritzkermilitary.org/|publisher=Pritzker Military Museum & Library|accessdate=13 November 2014}} 3. ^Nagy, Kim "Keeping Time - An Interview with James McPherson" "Wild River Review"November 2007. 4. ^{{cite journal|last=Walsh|first=David|title=An exchange with a Civil War historian|journal=International Workers Bulletin|date=June 19, 1995}} 5. ^{{cite web|last1=Itzkoff|first1=Dave|title=Authors of 2 Books to Share Lincoln Prize|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/12/books/12arts-AUTHORSOF2BO_BRF.html?_r=0|website=https://www.nytimes.com/|publisher=The New York Times|accessdate=13 November 2014}} 6. ^Irving Molotsky, [https://www.nytimes.com/1999/09/21/us/choice-of-clinton-to-give-humanities-lecture-meets-resistance.html "Choice of Clinton to Give Humanities Lecture Meets Resistance"], The New York Times, September 21, 1999. 7. ^[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D05E3DC173FF931A1575AC0A96F958260 "National News Briefs; Clinton Declines Offer To Give Scholarly Talk,"] New York Times, September 22, 1999. 8. ^NEH News Archive 9. ^"Civil War Historian Wins $100,000 Prize for Lifetime Achievement" Chronicle of Higher Education July 17, 2007 10. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.smh-hq.org/awards/morison.html |title=Samuel Eliot Morison Prize previous winners |publisher=Society for Military History |accessdate=December 25, 2017}} 11. ^{{cite web|title=Book of Members, 1780-2010: Chapter M|url=http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterM.pdf|publisher=American Academy of Arts and Sciences|accessdate=April 15, 2011}} 12. ^Historians Go To War Against Disney's Virginia Theme Park 13. ^Civil War Sites Advisory Commission Report. Forward. 14. ^{{cite web|title=Dear President Obama: Please Don't Honor the Arlington Confederate Monument|url=http://hnn.us/articles/85884.html|work=History News Network|publisher=George Mason University|accessdate=October 2, 2011|date=May 18, 2009|first1=Edward|last1=Sebesta|first2=James|last2=Loewen}} 15. ^{{cite web|last=Rand |first=Chuck |url=http://sonsofconfederateveterans.blogspot.com/2009/05/scv-pleased-with-obama-sending-wreath.html |title=Sons of Confederate Veterans: SCV Pleased with Obama Sending Wreath to Confederate Monument |publisher=Sonsofconfederateveterans.blogspot.com |date=2009-05-28 |accessdate=2014-05-07}} Further reading
External links{{Wikiquote}}
17 : 1936 births|Living people|Historians of the United States|Historians of the American Civil War|MacArthur Fellows|Princeton University faculty|Pulitzer Prize for History winners|Winners of the Lincoln Prize|Gustavus Adolphus College alumni|Presidents of the American Historical Association|People from Barnes County, North Dakota|Writers from North Dakota|Johns Hopkins University alumni|Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences|20th-century American historians|21st-century American historians|Guggenheim Fellows |
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