| 词条 | George David Gatewood |
| 释义 |
George David Gatewood (born 1940) also known as George G. Gatewood, is an American astronomer and presently is professor emeritus at the University of Pittsburgh and at the Allegheny Observatory. He specializes in astronomy, astronomical instrumentation, statistical methods, stellar astrophysics, astrometric properties of nearby stars and the observational discovery and the study of planetary systems. He came to popular attention with his 1996 announcement of the discovery of a nearby multi-planet star system. This discovery has yet to be confirmed and is regarded with skepticism today. EducationGatewood received his B.A. in Astronomy from the University of South Florida in 1965. He received his M.A. in Astronomy from the University of South Florida in 1968. He received his Ph.D. in 1972 from the University of Pittsburgh.[1] His doctoral dissertation was an astrometric study of Barnard's Star.[2] The Barnard's Star affair{{main article|Barnard's_Star#Claims_of_a_planetary_system|l1=Barnard's Star - Claims of a planetary system}}In the 1960s astronomer Peter van de Kamp claimed that he had discovered a planet orbiting Barnard's Star using astrometry. Two papers from 1973 were most influential in discrediting this claim. The first, by John L.Hershey, identified systematic errors in the telescope that van de Kamp had used.[3] The second paper was authored by Gatewood and Heinrich Eichhorn, who repeated the astrometry measurements made by van de Kamp with improved equipment and failed to detect any sign of Barnard's Star companions.[4] The Lalande 21185 affair{{main article|Lalande_21185#Claims_of_a_planetary_system|l1=Lalande 21185 - Claims of a planetary system}}Despite his involvement in the Barnard's Star affair 23 years earlier, Gatewood himself created a similar controversy. Gatewood predicted the existence of planets around nearby stars and studied these stars intensely attempting to detect planets by astrometry. Gatewood began studying Lalande 21185 soon after completing his thesis in the early 1970s. He failed to detect any planets at that time but was not discouraged.[5] He continued to study this star and in 1996 he announced at an AAS meeting[6] and to the popular press[7] that a multiple-planet planetary system was present around this star, even though data from careful measurements he made himself a few years earlier indicated that large planets in this system were unlikely.[8] Numerous subsequent studies of this system have failed to confirm the presence of any planets and have also gradually discredited his claim.[9] One popular science fiction novel written in the mid-1980s refers to "Lalande 21185" as "Gatewood's Star".[10] Likely Gatewood's name was chosen in response to the popular books and articles he wrote predicting the existence of possibly inhabited planets around this and other nearby stars at that time, as this novel preceded his announcement of planets in this system by a decade.[11] Later researchGatewood continued to be active in astronomy up through 2009. In 2009 he published his last papers; one is a refinement of the distances to several dim nearby stars, including the best current value for the distance to Teegarden's star of 12.578 light years.[12] Selected publicationsGatewood is a prolific researcher and writer with 157 publications since 1967. He has also authored several popular books on astronomy. The following is a list of recent publications listed on his Curriculum Vitae[13] as well as the university website.[14]
References1. ^{{cite web |title = George G. Gatewood |publisher = University of Pittsburgh |url = http://www.phyast.pitt.edu/people/fprofile.php?id=152 |accessdate = 2009-05-31 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20081227045751/http://www.phyast.pitt.edu/people/fprofile.php?id=152 |archivedate = 2008-12-27 |df = }} 2. ^{{cite book| title=An Astrometric Study of Barnard's Star| author=Gatewood, George David| publisher=University of Pittsburgh| work=Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 33-08, Section: B, page: 3440| date=1972| bibcode=1972PhDT.........5G}} 3. ^{{cite journal | author = John L. Hershey | date = 1973 | title = Astrometric analysis of the field of AC +65 6955 from plates taken with the Sproul 24-inch refractor | journal = The Astronomical Journal | volume = 78 | issue = 6 | page = 421 | bibcode=1973AJ.....78..421H | doi = 10.1086/111436 }} 4. ^{{cite journal | title=An unsuccessful search for a planetary companion of Barnard's star BD +4°3561| author=Gatewood| last2=Eichhorn | first2=H.| journal=The Astronomical Journal| volume=78| pages=769–776| date=October 1973| doi=10.1086/111480 | bibcode=1973AJ.....78..769G}} 5. ^{{cite journal| title=An astrometric study of Lalande 21185| author=Gatewood, G.| journal=The Astronomical Journal| volume=79| pages=52–53| bibcode=1974AJ.....79...52G| doi=10.1086/111530| date=1974}} 6. ^{{ cite journal| title= Lalande 21185| author=Gatewood, G.| journal=Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society| volume=28| pages=885|date=May 1996| bibcode=1996AAS...188.4011G}} 7. ^{{cite news|title=Data Seem to Show a Solar System Nearly in the Neighborhood| publisher=The New York Times| author=John Wilford| date=1996-06-12| accessdate=2009-05-29| page=1| url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/06/12/us/data-seem-to-show-a-solar-system-nearly-in-the-neighborhood.html}} 8. ^{{cite journal| author= Gatewood| last2= Stein | first2= John| last3= De Jonge | first3= Joost K.| last4= Persinger | first4= Timothy| last5= Reiland | first5= Thomas| last6= Stephenson | first6= Bruce| title=Multichannel astrometric photometer and photographic astrometric studies in the regions of Lalande 21185, BD 56°2966, and HR 4784| journal=The Astronomical Journal| bibcode=1992AJ....104.1237G| volume=104| issue=3| pages=1237–1247| date=September 1992| doi= 10.1086/116313 }} 9. ^{{cite journal| title=Photometric and Ca II H and K Spectroscopic Variations in Nearby Sun-like Stars with Planets. III| url=http://www.iop.org/EJ/article/0004-637X/531/1/415/50376.web.pdf?request-id=b98eea9d-4dc7-462a-9797-bd06712fd0ad| journal= The Astrophysical Journal| author=Henry| volume=531| issue=1| pages=415–437| date= March 1, 2000 | doi=10.1086/308466| last2=Baliunas| first2=Sallie L.| last3=Donahue| first3=Robert A.| last4=Fekel| first4=Francis C.| last5=Soon| first5=Willie| bibcode=2000ApJ...531..415H}} 10. ^{{cite book | author=Vernor Vinge| title=Marooned in Realtime| publisher=Bluejay Books/St. Martin's Press| date=1986| title-link=Marooned in Realtime}} 11. ^{{cite book| title=In Search of Extrasolar Planets| volume=2| issue=8| pages=12| work=COSMIC SEARCH V. 2, P. 12, 1980| date=1980| publisher=KNUDSEN| bibcode=1980CosSe...2...12G| author=Gatewood, G.}} 12. ^{{cite journal| journal=The Astronomical Journal| title=Allegheny Observatory Parallaxes for Late M Dwarfs and White Dwarfs| author=George Gatewood, Louis Coban| date=January 2009| volume=137 | issue=1 | pages=402–405| doi=10.1088/0004-6256/137/1/402 | bibcode=2009AJ....137..402G| title-link=Allegheny Observatory}} 13. ^http://www.pitt.edu/~gatewood/vita.htm 14. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.phyast.pitt.edu/people/fprofile.php?id=152 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-05-31 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081227045751/http://www.phyast.pitt.edu/people/fprofile.php?id=152 |archivedate=2008-12-27 |df= }} External links
11 : American astronomers|20th-century astronomers|21st-century astronomers|University of South Florida alumni|University of Pittsburgh alumni|University of Pittsburgh faculty|Living people|Planetary systems|1940 births|20th-century American scientists|21st-century American scientists |
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