“Georges Boudarel”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Georges Boudarel (21 December 1926 – 26 December 2003) was a French academic and Communist militant. He was accused of torturing French prisoners for the Viet Minh during the First Indochina War.

Biography

Born at Saint-Étienne, Loire, Boudarel studied at a Marist seminary before becoming a history professor at the Saigon Lycée Marie-Curie in the late 1940s and during the First Indochina War. He led the Indochinese branch of the French Communist Party, called Groupe culturel marxiste.

In 1949, Boudarel, now a teacher of philosophy at the Lycée Yersin in Da Lat, left his job and joined with the Viet Minh in the North of Tonkin, where he was made a Political commissar in the prisoner camp "Camp 113" at Lang-Kieu, near the Chinese border, South of Ha-Giang. He went by the nom de guerre of Dai Dong.^[1] Numerous testimonies of survivors of the camp later accused Boudarel of torturing French Army prisoners "with perverse cruelty, he applied to his countrymen the method of degradation by hunger, physical decline, political indoctrination and denunciation among inmates".^[2] During the year where he was on duty at the camp, 278 prisoners out of 320 perished.^[3]^[4]

Boudarel left Vietnam in 1964 ^[5] for the Soviet Union. He later worked in Czechoslovakia for the World Federation of Trade Unions.

After an amnesty law was voted by the Parliament of France in June 1966, notably granting amnesty for crimes committed during the Indochina War,^[6] he returned to France where he obtained a position as a maître de conférence at Paris Diderot University, and researcher at CNRS{{Citation needed|date=July 2009}}. He took part in the Mai 68 movement.

On 13 February 1991, during a conference organised at the French Senate by the Centre des hautes études sur l’Afrique et l’Asie modernes, he was recognised by Jean-Jacques Beucler, a former secretary of State for veterans, who had been a prisoner at Camp 113. Further testimonies emerged, and within a year, charges of Crime against humanity were raised by survivors of Camp 113. The charges were turned down by the Cour de Cassation because of the 1966 amnesty law. A recourse made on 25 February 2000 at the European Court of Human Rights against France, complaining about the decision by the French Cour de Cassation and alleged violations of freedom of speech, was similarly turned down in March 2003.

The ensuing controversy led to a proposal to amend article 213-5 of the French penal code so as to make crimes against humanity ineligible for amnesty.^[7]

Works

Bibliography

External links

Jurisprudence

Notes and references

1. ^[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE2DC173DF933A15750C0A967958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all « Paris Journal; Vietnam Echo Stuns France: Case of Treachery? »], New York Times, 20 March 1991.
2. ^Prisonnier au camp 113
3. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZtaU8_z2SngC&lpg=PA73&dq=%22Georges%20Boudarel%22%20Vietminh%20prisoners&pg=PA73#v=onepage&q=%22Georges%20Boudarel%22%20Vietminh%20prisoners&f=false|title=Judging War Crimes And Torture: French Justice And International Criminal Tribunals And Commissions|pages=73|author=Yves Beigbeder|publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers|year=2006}}
4. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/13/propositions/pion0382.asp | title = Proposition de loi visant à rendre inamnistiables les crimes contre l’humanité| accessdate = 2012-03-24| author = Lionnel Luca| date = 2008-02-20| format = | work = | publisher = assemblee-nationale|display-authors=etal}}
5. ^Chronique nécrologique
6. ^Law 66-409 of June 18, 1966, article 30: "All felonies and misdemeanors committed in relation to the events following the Vietnamese insurrection prior October 1, 1957, are amnestied."
7. ^Proposition de loi visant à rendre inamnistiables les crimes contre l'humanité