“George Swinnerton Parker”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

George Swinnerton Parker (12 December 1866 – 26 September 1952) was an American game designer and businessman who founded Geo. S. Parker Co. and Parker Brothers.

Life and career

Parker's philosophy deviated from the prevalent theme of board game design; he believed that games should be played for enjoyment and did not need to emphasize morals and values. He published his first game, Banking, in 1883 at the age of 16.^[2] Banking is a card game in which players borrowed money from the bank and tried to generate wealth by guessing how well they could do. The game included 160 cards which foretold their failures or successes. The game was so popular among family and friends that his brother, Charles Parker urged him to publish it. George approached two Boston publishers with the idea, but was unsuccessful. Not discouraged, he spent $40 to make 500 sets of Banking.^[2] He eventually sold all but 12 copies, making a profit of $100.^[2]

Parker founded his game company, initially called the Geo. S. Parker & Company, in his town of residence Medford, Massachusetts, in 1883,^[3] and followed it up with two other games: Famous Men, another card game, and Baker's Dozen, a board game designed by one of his teachers.^[4] In 1885, his family moved to Salem, where he published four more card games: The Dickens Game, Ivanhoe, Speculation, and Great Battlefields.^[5] When George's brother Charles joined the business in 1888, the company's name was changed to its more familiar form. In 1898, a third brother, Edward H. Parker, joined the company. For many years, George designed most of the games himself, and wrote all the rules. Many games were based on important events of the day: Klondike was based on the Alaskan gold rush, and War in Cuba on the impending Spanish–American War.

The game industry was growing, and the company was becoming very profitable. In 1906, Parker Brothers published the game Rook, their most successful card game to this day,{{citation needed|date=February 2015}} and it quickly became the best-selling game in the country. During the Great Depression, a time when many companies were going out of business, Parker Brothers released a new board game called Monopoly. Although the company had originally rejected the game in 1934, they decided to publish it the next year.^[6] It was an instant success, and the company had difficulty keeping up with demand. The company continued to grow throughout the next several decades, producing such lasting games as Clue, Risk, and Sorry!.^[7] The Clue murder mystery game was based on the house in Peterborough, New Hampshire, that George Parker and his wife Grace lived in.^[8]

References

1. ^Cutter, William Richard (1908). Genealogical and Personal Memoirs Relating to the Families of Boston and Eastern Massachusetts. Lewis Historical Publishing Company
2. ^¹²{{Cite web |url=http://www.history.com/exhibits/toys/inventors.html |title=The History of Toys |access-date=2009-04-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012132037/http://www.history.com/exhibits/toys/inventors.html |archive-date=2007-10-12 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
3. ^Banking boxtop owned by Joseph Angiolillo
4. ^Famous Men and Baker's Dozen boxtops owned by Joseph Angiolillo
5. ^Dickens, Ivanhoe, Great Battlefields boxtops owned by Joseph Angiolillo and Geo. S. Parker 1885 catalogue
6. ^Monopoly Board Game - Parker Brothers {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615143840/http://www.hasbro.com/monopoly/default.cfm?page=history |date=June 15, 2007 }}
7. ^Orbanes, Philip (2003). Game Makers: The Story of Parker Brothers, from Tiddledy Winks to Trivial Pursuit. Harvard Business School Press, {{ISBN|978-1-59139-269-9}}
8. ^https://www.ledgertranscript.com/Peterborough-home-was-inspiration-for-Clue-board-game-23251247
9. ^Staff report (September 27, 1952). George S. Parker [obituary]. New York Times

Life and career

References

External links