| 词条 | George Thompson (abolitionist) |
| 释义 |
| name = George Thompson | image = George Thompson BPL 1851-2-crop.jpg | image_size = | caption = 1851 daguerreotype | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date|1804|6|18|df=y}} | birth_place = Liverpool, England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1878|10|7|1804|6|18}} | death_place = Leeds, England | residence = | nationality =British | other_names = | known_for = | education = | employer = | occupation = Abolitionist, activist, politician | title = | term = | predecessor = | successor = | party = | boards = | spouse = | children = | parents = | relatives = | signature = | website = | footnotes = }} George Donisthorpe Thompson (18 June 1804 – 7 October 1878) was a British antislavery orator and activist who worked towards the abolition of slavery through lecture tours and legislation while serving as a Member of Parliament. He was arguably one of the most important abolitionists and human rights lecturers in the United Kingdom and the United States. Early lifeThompson had little formal education and was largely self-taught. In early adulthood, he began a life of professional activism, starting with his role in founding a mutual improvement society at the age of eighteen, as well as his membership in debate societies. This suggests an early interest in self-betterment and the issues of the day. His father worked aboard a slave trading vessel, and his stories of the horrors of the slave trade planted the issue in the younger Thompson’s mind from an early age. He recalls the stories that his father told in some of his later writings, recounting his father’s observations of the inhumane treatment of slaves.[1] Activism in EnglandThompson was invited by Garrison to visit New-England and this proposal was not only accepted by his supporters in Glasgow but the Edinburgh Emancipation Society was formed in order that it too could back Thompson's journey.[1] From 1836-1847 he was active in every major anti-slavery debate in Britain, including the World Anti-Slavery Convention in London on 12 July 1840.[2] In 1847 was elected to the British House of Commons, as a Member of Parliament (MP) for Tower Hamlets.[3] Thompson was also an advocate of East Indian reform, free trade, Chartism, nonresistance, and the peace movement. However, he was most prominent in his work to eliminate slavery at home and abroad, often protesting legislation that offered limited or gradual restriction on slavery. Favoring a quick and decisive emancipation of all slaves, he was ultimately unsatisfied with the British Emancipation Act of 1833, because it forced slaves to work as apprentices for six years after their "liberation." He, therefore, used his position in Parliament to push for additional legislation.[3] Activism in the United StatesGeorge Thompson was an active lecturer, and he willingly pointed out the role that America played in the perpetuation of slavery. He first traveled to the United States in 1834, where he attracted the attention of pro-slavery men, and barely escaped being captured by them after one of his lecturing sessions. The resistance to his platform did not abate, and he was forced to return to Britain, via Tasmania. The Hobart Town Courier newspapoer, 8 Jul 1836, carried a letter, penned by Thompson in November of the previous year, intended for Patrick Letham of Glasgow. In his letter, Thompson states that he had arrived "within the hour" at New Brunswick by British brig, having "..left the United States to escape the assassins knife.." The editor's note adds that attempts to "burn and murder" him had been made in several US towns.[4] Thompson’s return to the United States in 1850 was brought about by the Fugitive Slave Law, and he was this time quite popular among proponents of abolitionism, now that the movement had increased in size and influence as the 1850s wore on. In 1859, his son in law, Frederick William Chesson and Thompson founded the London Emancipation Society which strongly supported the Union side in the American Civil War.[5] During this final visit in 1864, he allied with William Wells Brown in advocating the destruction of slavery. He also met Abraham Lincoln, and both supported and witnessed the final destruction of the Confederacy at Fort Sumter in 1865.[3] British India SocietyHe was involved in the setting up of British India Society in 1839.[6] He was also the President of the Bengal British India Society, which was established in 1843.[7] Return to EnglandThompson became ill and traveled back to his home country, where he died in 1878. While his advocacy of abolitionism went relatively unnoticed after his death, his efforts to effect a worldwide abolitionist movement cannot be ignored. His profession as activist allowed him to make a living by supporting the cause that he cared about, as well as enabling him to make unprecedented steps in freeing enslaved peoples around the world. Personal lifeThompson had several children who survived to adulthood: Louisa Eliza Spry (m. Frederick Arthur Nosworthy), Amelia Ann Everard[8] (m. Frederick William Chesson), George Herbert (m. Marianne Cronin), and Edith. Another son, named after William Lloyd Garrison, died aged 15. A daughter, named after Elizabeth Pease, died aged 6. [9] References{{commons category|George Donisthorpe Thompson}}1. ^{{cite news|title=Slavery in The United States|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/35042931/?terms=edinburgh+emancipation+society|work=The Liberator|date=27 April 1834}} 2. ^The Anti-Slavery Society Convention, 1840, Benjamin Robert Haydon, accessed 19 July 2008 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite web | last = Gifford | first = Ronald M. | title = Thompson, George | work = American National Biography Online October 2007 Update | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 2007 | url = http://www.anb.org/articles/15/15-01311.html | accessdate = 2008-01-27}} 4. ^Hobart Town Courier-8 July 1836 pg4 5. ^{{cite book|title=London Emancipation Society from Organizing Black America: An Encyclopedia of African American Associations|year=2005|publisher=Taylor and Francis. |isbn=0-203-80119-9|url=http://www.bookrags.com/tandf/london-emancipation-society-tf/#p20007f929970310003}} 6. ^{{Cite web|url=https://arts.leeds.ac.uk/britainindianempire/about/child-page-one/|title=The British India Society » Britain – India – Empire|website=arts.leeds.ac.uk|language=en|access-date=2018-02-18}} 7. ^{{cite book |last=Khan |first=BR |year=2012 |chapter=Bengal British India Society |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Bengal_British_India_Society |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=Asiatic Society of Bangladesh}} 8. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.thedailystar.net/literature/the-heart-bengal-1305904 | title=Into the Heart of Bengal | publisher=The Daily Star | date=October 29, 2016 | accessdate=November 4, 2016 | author=Drew, John}} 9. ^Wigtownshire newspaper for 4 Sept 1851 reads: "NOSWORTHY, Fred. Arthur - Married 19/8/1851 - At St. Luke's Church, Chelsea, on the 19th ult., Fred. Arthur, youngest son of the late Captain Richard Nosworthy, Paymaster, Second West India Regiment, to Eliza Louisa Spry, eldest daughter of George Thompson, Esq., M.P. for the Tower Hamlets." External links
Sir William Clay, Bt }}{{s-ttl | title = Member of Parliament for Tower Hamlets | years = 1847 – 1852 | with = Sir William Clay, Bt }}{{s-aft | after = Charles Salisbury Butler Sir William Clay, Bt }}{{s-end}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Thomson, George Donisthorpe}} 5 : Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies|UK MPs 1847–52|English abolitionists|1804 births|1878 deaths |
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