| 词条 | James Welldon |
| 释义 |
James Edward Cowell Welldon (25 April 1854 – 17 June 1937) was an English clergyman and scholar. He was Bishop of Calcutta from 1898 to 1902, Dean of Manchester from 1906 to 1918, and Dean of Durham from 1918 to 1933. Early lifeWelldon was born in 1854 in Tonbridge, Kent, the son of Edward Ind Welldon, the Second Master of Tonbridge School, and nephew of James Ind Welldon, Headmaster of Tonbridge. He was educated at Eton and was named the Newcastle scholar in 1873. He went on to King's College, Cambridge where he was academically prominent, becoming the Bell scholar in 1874 and the Browne's medallist in 1875 and 1876. In 1877, as well as gaining his BA degree, he was the senior classical and senior chancellor's medallist.[1] He became a fellow in 1878 and in 1880 gained his MA degree.[2] Sporting achievementsHe had a reputation at Eton in both the College's Wall Game and Field Game and became school captain. After school, he played as full-back in association football with the Old Etonians F.C. and took part in the first match (score 1-1 draw) of the 1876 FA Cup Final at Kennington Oval, which they ultimately lost after a replay to Wanderers when his place in team was taken by Edgar Lubbock. He also played for Upton Park and Hertfordshire Rangers and in representative matches for Essex and London.[3] CareerIn May 1883, Welldon was appointed master of Dulwich College. In the short time he held this position he did much for the college, including the creation and institution of its school song Pueri Alleynienses which is still in use today. He resigned in July 1885 to take up the position of headmaster of Harrow School, which he held from 1885 to 1898.[2] He was disliked by many of the masters as an autocratic administrator, but was more popular with the boys, by whom he was known as "the Porker."[5] While at Harrow he also accepted a number of clerical positions, having been ordained as a deacon in 1883 and as a priest in 1885, including the select preacher before Cambridge University (in 1885, 1888, and 1893) and the select preacher before Oxford University in 1886 and 1887. He was honorary chaplain to Queen Victoria from 1888 to 1892, and Chaplain in Ordinary from 1892 to 1898. He was the Hulsean Lecturer at Cambridge in 1897.[2] In 1898, he became a Doctor of Divinity.[2] After leaving Harrow, Welldon was appointed Bishop of Calcutta in 1898. As bishop, then metropolitan of Calcutta, he excluded Scottish chaplains and troops from the use of garrison churches in India because they had not received episcopal consecration, an action for which he was criticised by Robert Herbert Story.[4] He remained diocesan until early 1902 when he resigned owing to ill health and disagreement with the Viceroy, Lord Curzon.[9] He returned to England to become a canon of Westminster,[5] and was installed as such on 8 March 1902.[6] He served in Westminster until 1906. In late 1902 he visited South Africa.[7] From 1906 to 1918 he was Dean of Manchester and from 1918 of Durham. He had a strained relationship with the Bishop of Durham, Hensley Henson, who described him as "a man who could neither speak with effect nor be silent with dignity".[8] Private lifeWelldon became an Officer d'académie in 1898.[2] He was a member of the Athenaeum,[2] a senior Freemason (Past Grand Chaplain),[9] and a keen proponent of British imperialism.[5] He was a lifelong bachelor, and for nearly fifty years had the close companionship of a manservant, Edward Hudson Perkins, from whose death in 1932 Welldon never recovered.[10] Welldon died at Sevenoaks, Kent, on 17 June 1937 aged eighty-three.[3] E.M Forster's poemE.M. Forster wrote a satirical poem regarding Bishop Welldon after the bishop criticised Labour M.Ps for 'vulgar profanity': MY brethren, nothing on earth is finer Than a truly refined inarticulate miner (Or may we say ` under the earth,' for there Is a miner's place, not up in the air ?) ; But he must be refined, he must be meek, Expert at his job, yet unable to speak, He must not complain or use swear words or spit ; Much is expected of men in the pit. It is different for me. I have earned the right, Through position and birth to be impolite. I have always been used to the best of things, I was nourished at Eton and crowned at King's, I pushed to the front in religion and play, I shoved all competitors out of the way ; I ruled at Harrow, I went to Calcutta, I buttered my bread and jammed my butter, And returned as a bishop, enormous of port, Who stood in a pulpit and said what he thought. Yes, I said what I thought and thought what I said, They hadn't got butter, they hadn't got bread, They hadn't got jam or tobacco or tea, They hadn't a friend, but they always had me. And I'm different to them. I needn't be meek, Because I have learned the proper technique; Because I'm a scholar, a don, and a dean, It's all in good taste when I'm vulgar or mean. I can bully or patronize, just which I please ; I am different to them. . . . But those Labour M.P.'s, How dare they be rude ? They ought to have waited Until they were properly educated. They must be punished, they've got to be stopped, Parliamentary privilege ought to be dropped. They shall be scourged and buried alive If they trespass on My prerogative. May I most clearly state, ere I lay down my pen, That rudeness is only for gentlemen ? As it was in the beginning, it shall be ... Amen ![11] }} PublicationsWelldon was the author of a number of works including:[2]
Notes1. ^{{acad|id=WLDN873JE|name=Welldon, James Edward Cowell}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 Ormiston, T. L., (1926), Dulwich College Register, page 53, (J J Keliher & Co Ltd: London) 3. ^1 {{cite book |last=Warsop |first=Keith |title=The Early F.A. Cup Finals and the Southern Amateurs |publisher=Tony Brown, SoccerData |year=2004 |pages=45–46, 134–135 |isbn=1-899468-78-1}} 4. ^{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Story, Robert Herbert |volume=25 |page=970}} 5. ^{{London Gazette |issue=27413 |date=4 March 1902 |page=1535 }} 6. ^{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=Ecclesiastical intelligence|day_of_week=Monday |date=10 March 1902 |page_number=8 |issue=36711| }} 7. ^{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=Court News |day_of_week=Saturday |date=11 October 1902 |page_number=11 |issue=36896| }} 8. ^Lyttelton, letter of 2 May 1956. 9. ^{{cite book |title=Ars Quatuor Coronatorum |first= JW|last= Horsley (The Rev'd Canon)|edition= |chapter= Notes on the Grand Chaplains of England |volume= 19|location= London|publisher= Quatuor Coronati Correspondence Circle Ltd|publication-date= 1906|page= 197|isbn= }} 10. ^1 2 J. W. S. Tomlin, "Welldon, James Edward Cowell (1854–1937)", rev. M. C. Curthoys, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004, accessed 26 Dec 2010 {{subscription}} 11. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.aaoldbooks.com/en-uk-us/Abinger_Harvest/page_021.asp |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2012-07-07 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20130116023410/http://www.aaoldbooks.com/en-uk-us/Abinger_Harvest/page_021.asp |archivedate=16 January 2013 |df=dmy-all }} 12. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Richard Aldrich and Peter Gordon, (1989), Dictionary of British Educationists, p. 258 (Routledge: London). 13. ^{{cite journal|year=1901|title=Rev. of Patriotic Song|journal=The Publishers' circular and booksellers' record of British and foreign literature|volume=75|page=581|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=amhNAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA581}} References
External links{{Commons category|James Welldon}}
|years=1883–1885}}{{s-aft|after=Arthur Herman Gilkes}}{{s-bef|before=Rev. Dr. Henry Montagu Butler}}{{s-ttl|title=Headmaster of Harrow School |years=1885–1898}}{{s-aft|after=Dr. Joseph Wood}}{{s-rel|en}}{{s-bef|before=Edward Ralph Johnson}}{{s-ttl|title=Bishop of Calcutta |years=1898–1902}}{{s-aft|after=Reginald Stephen Copleston}}{{s-bef|before=Edward Craig Maclure}}{{s-ttl|title=Dean of Manchester Cathedral |years=1906–1918}}{{s-aft|after=William Shuckburgh Swayne}}{{s-bef|before=Herbert Hensley Henson}}{{s-ttl|title=Dean of Durham Cathedral |years=1918–1933}}{{s-aft|after=Cyril Alington}}{{end}}{{Deans of Durham since 1908}}{{Deans of Manchester}}{{Office holders in the Diocese of Manchester}}{{Bishops of Calcutta}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Welldon, James Edward Cowell}} 23 : 1854 births|1937 deaths|People from Tonbridge|People educated at Eton College|Alumni of King's College, Cambridge|Old Etonians F.C. players|20th-century English Anglican priests|19th-century English Anglican priests|English chaplains|Chaplains-in-Ordinary|Anglican Bishops of Calcutta|19th-century Anglican bishops|20th-century Anglican bishops|Deans of Durham|Deans of Manchester|Church of England deans|English educational theorists|Masters of Dulwich College|Head Masters of Harrow School|Canons of Westminster|Upton Park F.C. players|Association footballers not categorized by position|Presidents of The Cambridge Union |
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