| 词条 | German submarine U-1023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
German submarine U-1023 was a Type VIIC/41 U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine. She was laid down on 20 May 1943 by Blohm & Voss in Hamburg, Germany, and commissioned on 15 June 1944 with Oberleutnant Wolfgang Strenger in command. U-1023 sank one ship and damaged one more for a total of {{GRT|7680}}. After the war she was sunk in Operation Deadlight. DesignGerman Type VIIC/41 submarines were preceded by the heavier Type VIIC submarines. U-1023 had a displacement of {{convert|759|t|LT}} when at the surface and {{convert|860|t|LT}} while submerged.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} She had a total length of {{convert|67.10|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a pressure hull length of {{convert|50.50|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a beam of {{convert|6.20|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a height of {{convert|9.60|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, and a draught of {{convert|4.74|m|ftin|abbr=on}}. The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of {{convert|2800 to 3200|PS|kW shp|-1}} for use while surfaced, two Brown, Boveri & Cie GG UB 720/8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of {{convert|750|PS|kW shp}} for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two {{convert|1.23|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to {{convert|230|m}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} The submarine had a maximum surface speed of {{convert|17.7|kn}} and a maximum submerged speed of {{convert|7.6|kn}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} When submerged, the boat could operate for {{convert|80|nmi}} at {{convert|4|kn}}; when surfaced, she could travel {{convert|8500|nmi}} at {{convert|10|kn}}. U-1023 was fitted with five {{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one {{convert|8.8|cm|in|2|abbr=on}} SK C/35 naval gun, (220 rounds), one {{convert|3.7|cm|in|abbr=on}} Flak M42 and two {{convert|2|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} C/30 anti-aircraft guns. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} Service historyU-1023 was ordered by the Kriegsmarine on 13 June 1942. She was laid down about one year later at Blohm & Voss, Hamburg on 20 May 1943. Almost a year later, U-1023 was launched from Hamburg on 3 May 1944. She was formally commissioned later that year on 15 July. U-1023 carried 5 × {{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} torpedo tubes (4 located in the bow, 1 in the stern) and had one {{convert|8.8|cm|in|2|abbr=on}} deck gun with 220 rounds. She could also carry 14 G7e torpedoes or 26 TMA mines and had a crew of 44–52 men. She was one of the U-boats that used the Schnorchel underwater breathing apparatus.[1]After her redesignation as a front-line U-boat, U-1023 left port on her first and only patrol. By that time, she had moved from Kiel to her later location in Bergen via a stopover in Horten Naval Base. After leaving on 25 March 1945 for her first patrol, U-1023 intercepted and attacked Riverton, a {{convert|7345|t|LT}} British steam merchant on 23 April. She was damaged and beached off of St. Ives Bay. Later, on 7 May 1945, the last day of the war in Europe, U-1023 found the 335 ton Norwegian minesweeper {{HNoMS|NYMS 382||2}}, which was sunk with 22 dead. FateThree days later, the ship surrendered at Weymouth, England.[2] After the war she was paraded up the west coast of the UK visiting a number of ports including Plymouth, Brixham, Falmouth, Bristol, Swansea, Liverpool, Holyhead, Manchester, Fleetwood, Belfast, Glasgow, Greenock, Rothsay, Oban. Several hundred thousand visitors were given a tour of the boat during this time.[3] U-1023 was then used in Operation Deadlight and sunk by the Allies.[1] Summary of raiding history
ArmamentFLAK weaponryU-1023 was mounted with a single 3.7 cm Flakzwilling M43U gun on the rare LM 43U mount. The LM 43U mount was the final design of mount used on U-boats and is only known to be installed on U-boats ({{GS|U-249||2}}, {{GS|U-826||2}}, {{GS|U-977||2}}, {{GS|U-1171||2}}, {{GS|U-1305||2}} and {{GS|U-1306||2}}). The 3.7 cm Flak M42U was the marine version of the 3.7 cm Flak used by the Kriegsmarine on Type VII and Type IX U-boats. U-1023 was mounted with two 2cm Flak C38 in a M 43U Zwilling mount with short folding shield on the upper Wintergarten.[6] The M 43U mount was used on a number of U-boats ({{GS|U-190||2}}, {{GS|U-250||2}}, {{GS|U-278||2}}, {{GS|U-337||2}}, {{GS|U-475||2}}, {{GS|U-853||2}}, {{GS|U-1058||2}}, {{GS|U-1109||2}}, {{GS|U-1105||2}}, {{GS|U-1165||2}} and {{GS|U-1306||2}}). See also
ReferencesNotes1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 {{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/u1023.htm |title=The Type VIIC/41 U-boat U-1023 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=31 May 2010}} 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/patrol_3037.html |title=Patrol of U-boat U-1023 from 1 Mar 1945 to 10 May 1945 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=31 May 2010}} 3. ^My Grandfather Bob Brown who was Chief engineer on board during the tour. 4. ^Merchant ship tonnages are in gross register tons. Military vessels are listed by tons displacement. 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/successes/u1023.html |title=Ships hit by U-1023 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=17 February 2014}} 6. ^Base on war-time photographs. Citations{{reflist}}Bibliography{{Refbegin}}
|last1=Gröner |first1=Erich |author-link1= |author-mask1= |last2=Jung |first2=Dieter |display-authors= |last-author-amp= |last3=Maass |first3=Martin |translator-last1=Thomas |translator-first1=Keith |translator-last2=Magowan |translator-first2=Rachel |year=1991 |title=U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels |volume=2 |work=German Warships 1815–1945 |location=London |publisher=Conway Maritime Press |isbn=0-85177-593-4 |ref=CITEREFGr.C3.B6ner1991 }}
|last1=Busch |first1=Rainer |last2=Röll |first2=Hans-Joachim |title=Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945 |trans-title=German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945 |work=Der U-Boot-Krieg |volume=IV |publisher=Mittler |location=Hamburg; Berlin; Bonn |year=1999 |isbn=3-8132-0514-2 |language=German |ref=harv }}{{Refend}} External links
|url=http://uboat.net/boats/u1023.htm |title=The Type VIIC/41 U-boat U-1023 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=31 May 2010 }}{{German Type VII submarines}}{{1946 shipwrecks}}{{Subject bar | portal1=Military of Germany | portal2=Submarine | portal3=World War II }}{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2014}}{{DEFAULTSORT:U1023}} 7 : German Type VIIC/41 submarines|U-boats commissioned in 1944|World War II submarines of Germany|1944 ships|Ships built in Hamburg|Operation Deadlight|Maritime incidents in 1946 |
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