| 词条 | German submarine U-111 (1940) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
German submarine U-111 was a Type IXB U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. She had a short career, sinking four enemy vessels and damaging one other. These victories took place over a period of two war patrols. During her first sortie, the boat sank two enemy vessels and damaged a further one. On her second patrol, U-111 sank two more enemy ships before she herself was sunk on 4 October 1941 southwest of Tenerife, by depth charges from a British warship. Out of a crew of 52 officers and men, eight died in the attack; 44 survived. Construction and designConstruction{{main article|German Type IXB submarine}}U-111 was ordered to be built by the Kriegsmarine on 8 August 1939 (as part of Plan Z and in violation of the Treaty of Versailles). Her keel was laid down on 20 February 1940 by DeSchiMAG AG Weser in Bremen as yard number 976. Following about seven months of construction, she was launched on 15 September and commissioned on 19 December under the command of Kapitänleutnant Wilhelm Kleinschmidt.[1]DesignGerman Type IXB submarines were slightly larger than the original German Type IX submarines, later designated IXA. U-111 had a displacement of {{convert|1051|t|LT}} when at the surface and {{convert|1178|t|LT}} while submerged.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|p=68}} The U-boat had a total length of {{convert|76.50|m|ft|abbr=on|0}}, a pressure hull length of {{convert|58.75|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a beam of {{convert|6.76|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a height of {{convert|9.60|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, and a draught of {{convert|4.70|m|ftin|abbr=on}}. The submarine was powered by two MAN M 9 V 40/46 supercharged four-stroke, nine-cylinder diesel engines producing a total of {{convert|4400|PS|kW shp|-1}} for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert 2 GU 345/34 double-acting electric motors producing a total of {{convert|1000|PS|kW shp|-1}} for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two {{convert|1.92|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to {{convert|230|m}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|p=68}} The submarine had a maximum surface speed of {{convert|18.2|kn}} and a maximum submerged speed of {{convert|7.3|kn}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|p=68}} When submerged, the boat could operate for {{convert|64|nmi}} at {{convert|4|kn}}; when surfaced, she could travel {{convert|12000|nmi}} at {{convert|10|kn}}. U-111 was fitted with six {{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and two at the stern), 22 torpedoes, one {{convert|10.5|cm|in|2|abbr=on}} SK C/32 naval gun, 180 rounds, and a {{convert|3.7|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} SK C/30 as well as a {{convert|2|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of forty-eight.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|p=68}} Service historyFirst patrolU-111 went to sea on a war patrol for the first time on 5 May 1941. For a period of 64 days, she roamed the North Sea and eventually the North Atlantic as far west as Nova Scotia in search of any Allied convoys heading to Great Britain. During that time she encountered three enemy vessels.[5] The first confrontation took place on the 13th, just eight days after leaving port, when she came across the British merchant vessel {{SS|Somersby}} and sank her just south of Iceland.[3] On 20 May, the submarine came across the tanker San Felix and fired a torpedo at her, causing damage to her hull but failing to sink her. Two days later, U-111 sank the second and last enemy vessel of her patrol, the Barnby, south of Greenland. After these victories, the boat returned to port. However, instead of returning to Wilhelmshaven, she entered the port of Lorient in occupied France on 7 July.[4]Second patrol and lossU-111 left Lorient on 14 August 1941 and travelled south off the west coast of Africa and into the South Atlantic. She then turned west towards the eastern coast of Brazil. It was in these waters that the boat sank her last two enemy merchant ships.[8] The first was the Dutch Motor merchant vessel Marken. She was torpedoed on 10 September just north of Ceará in Brazil.[5] All of her crew survived the attack and boarded life boats. They were questioned by the crew of the U-boat, given food and released. Marken{{'}}s crew were later safely picked up by a Spanish merchant vessel.[6] Ten days later, U-111 sank her fourth and last enemy vessel, the British motor merchant ship Cingalese Prince also off Brazil. On 28 September she was involved in an action in Tarrafal Bay, in the Cape Verde islands; having been ordered to rendezvous there with two other U-boats, {{GS|U-67|1940|2}} and {{GS|U-68|1940|2}}. She was struck by the British submarine {{HMS|Clyde|N12|6}} which had accidentally dived onto her after unsuccessfully attacking U–67. U-111 was so badly damaged she was left unable to dive, and was obliged to head for home.[7]On 4 October 1941, she was hunted down and sunk by depth charges from the British anti-submarine trawler {{HMS|Lady Shirley}} southwest of Tenerife. Of a crew of 52 men, eight died and 44 survived.[1][8] They were subsequently interrogated; it was the first time prisoners of war were captured from a U-boat operating in the South Atlantic.[9] According to the lengthy interrogation report, the crew of U-111 put up a poor fight and surrendered speedily to their much less powerful adversary after their Captain was killed. The crew consisted of four officers, three chief petty officers, fourteen petty officers, and thirty ratings, plus an officer under instruction as a prospective U-boat Captain. U-111{{'}}s commander, Wilhelm Kleinschmidt, was killed in the action with Lady Shirley, along with her First Lieutenant, a junior officer, and five ratings. The captured POWs said that the normal complement was 43, including officers.[9] WolfpacksU-111 took part in one wolfpack, namely.
Summary of raiding history
References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/u111.html |title=U-111 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=5 June 2010}} 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/u111.html |title=War Patrols by U-111 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=U-boat patrols - uboat.net |accessdate=5 June 2010}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/920.html |title=Somersby (Steam merchant) |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=5 June 2010}} 4. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/patrol_3763.html |title=Patrol info for U-111 (First patrol) |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=U-boat patrols - uboat.net |accessdate=31 May 2010}} 5. ^The Times Atlas of the World - Third edition, revised 1995, {{ISBN|0 7230 0809 4}}, p. 73 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/1093.html |title=Marken (Motor merchant) |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=Ships hit by U-boats - uboat.net |accessdate=6 June 2010}} 7. ^Obituary, Capt. Hedley Kett, RN. Daily Telegraph 25 July 2014. 8. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/patrol_3764.html |title=Patrol info for U-111 (Second patrol) |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=U-boat patrols - uboat.net |accessdate=6 June 2010}} 9. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://uboatarchive.net/U-111INT.htm|title=U-111|last=|first=|work=Interrogation Report|publisher=uboatarchive.net |accessdate=3 July 2010}} 10. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/successes/u111.html |title=Ships hit by U-111 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=3 October 2014}} Bibliography{{Refbegin}}
|last1=Busch |first1=Rainer |last2=Röll |first2=Hans-Joachim |title=Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945 |trans-title=German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945 |work=Der U-Boot-Krieg |volume=IV |publisher=Mittler |location=Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn |year=1999 |isbn=3-8132-0514-2 |language=German |ref=harv }}
|last1=Gröner |first1=Erich |author-link1= |author-mask1= |last2=Jung |first2=Dieter |display-authors= |last-author-amp= |last3=Maass |first3=Martin |translator-last1=Thomas |translator-first1=Keith |translator-last2=Magowan |translator-first2=Rachel |year=1991 |title=U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels |volume=2 |work=German Warships 1815–1945 |location=London |publisher=Conway Maritime Press |isbn=0-85177-593-4 |ref=CITEREFGr.C3.B6ner1991 }}{{Refend}} External links
|url=http://uboat.net/boats/u111.html |title=U-111 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=5 June 2010 }}
|url=http://www.u-boot-archiv.de/dieboote/u0111.html |title=U 111 |last=Hofmann |first=Markus |website=Deutsche U-Boote 1935-1945 - u-boot-archiv.de |language=German |accessdate=2014-12-06 }}
| portal1=Military of Germany | portal2=Submarine | portal3=World War II }}{{Good article}}{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2014}}{{DEFAULTSORT:U0111}} 10 : German Type IX submarines|U-boats commissioned in 1940|U-boats sunk in 1941|World War II submarines of Germany|1940 ships|World War II shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean|Ships built in Bremen (state)|U-boats sunk by British warships|U-boats sunk by depth charges|Maritime incidents in October 1941 |
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