| 词条 | German submarine U-1163 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
German submarine U-1163 was a Type VIIC/41 U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. She was ordered on 14 October 1941, and was laid down on 5 December 1942 at Danziger Werft AG, Danzig, as yard number 135. She was launched on 12 June 1943 and commissioned under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Ernst-Ludwig Balduhn on 6 October of that year.[1][2] DesignGerman Type VIIC/41 submarines were preceded by the heavier Type VIIC submarines. U-1163 had a displacement of {{convert|759|t|LT}} when at the surface and {{convert|860|t|LT}} while submerged.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} She had a total length of {{convert|67.10|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a pressure hull length of {{convert|50.50|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a beam of {{convert|6.20|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a height of {{convert|9.60|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, and a draught of {{convert|4.74|m|ftin|abbr=on}}. The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of {{convert|2800 to 3200|PS|kW shp|-1}} for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert GU 343/38-8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of {{convert|750|PS|kW shp}} for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two {{convert|1.23|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to {{convert|230|m}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} The submarine had a maximum surface speed of {{convert|17.7|kn}} and a maximum submerged speed of {{convert|7.6|kn}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} When submerged, the boat could operate for {{convert|80|nmi}} at {{convert|4|kn}}; when surfaced, she could travel {{convert|8500|nmi}} at {{convert|10|kn}}. U-1163 was fitted with five {{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one {{convert|8.8|cm|in|2|abbr=on}} SK C/35 naval gun, (220 rounds), one {{convert|3.7|cm|in|abbr=on}} Flak M42 and two {{convert|2|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} C/30 anti-aircraft guns. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} Service historyU-1163 did not have a very prosperous career. While she was commissioned on 6 October 1943, it was not until 3 December 1944 that she sank her first (and only) enemy vessel. Despite her lack of ships sunk, U-1163 was one of only a handful of German U-boats in World War II to help shoot down a De Havilland Mosquito on 2 August 1944.[1]U-1163 spent her first eight months in the Kriegsmarine undergoing training operations with the German 8th Submarine Flotilla (8th U-boat Flotilla). At the end of her training, she was formally assigned to the 11th U-boat Flotilla stationed in Norway. She began her first patrol on 13 July 1944, almost a full three years after she was ordered.[1]First patrolFollowing training exercises with the 8th U-boat Flotilla and a journey from Kiel to Flekkefjord Norway, U-1163 began her first official war patrol with the 11. Unterseebootsflottille on 13 July 1944. After only seven days at sea however, U-1163 returned to Norway in the coastal town of Arnöy on 19 July.[3] Second patrolAfter her first patrol, U-1163 spent the next three months traveling up the coast of Norway.[8] On 2 August, U-1163 and an accompanying U-boat, {{GS|U-771||2}} were traveling on the surface from Stavanger to Kristiansand and had the protection of surface escorts as well. Yet despite all of the measures, two de Havilland Mosquitos (E/333 and S/333) attacked the two U-boats. S/333 was shot down by anti-aircraft fire during the attack and the two U-boats were undamaged.[4] On 15 October 1944, U-1163 began her second war patrol after leaving Bogenbucht. For 17 days, U-1163 roamed the Arctic Ocean in search of any Allied convoys heading to the Soviet Union. On 31 October, after not a single engagement with any enemy vessels, U-1163 entered Hammerfest, Norway.[5] Third patrolU-1163's third patrol began on 25 November 1944 after she left the port city of Kilbotn. For 22 days, she traveled through the Arctic Ocean in search of any Allied vessels heading to or from the Soviet Union. On 3 December 1944, U-1163 claimed the only enemy vessel in her career. The Revoljucija, a Soviet 433-ton cargo steam ship, had been separated from her convoy after developing engine trouble, and was stopped, protected by a single minesweeper. The U-1163 hit the Revoljucija with a single torpedo, sinking her along with her 23 crew. Thirteen days later, on 16 December, U-1163 returned to Bogenbucht.[6][7]Fourth patrolThe last patrol that U-1163 took part in began on 15 April 1945. She left Kristiansand that day and traveled to the north coast of Ireland. After 25 days at sea, returned to Marvika, Norway where she was handed over to the Allies following the surrender of all German forces a few days before.[8] Summary of raiding history
See also
References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/u1163.htm |title=The Type VIIC/41 boat U-1163 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=28 March 2010}} 2. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/types/viic-41.htm |title=Type VIIC/41 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=2 March 2010}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/patrol_3143.html |title=Patrol info for U-1163 (First patrol) |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=28 March 2010}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/history/aircraft_losses.htm |title=U-boat successes against aircraft |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=2 March 2010}} 5. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/patrol_3151.html |title=Patrol info for U-1163 (Second patrol) |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=28 March 2010}} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/patrol_3155.html |title=Patrol info for U-1163 (Third patrol) |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=31 March 2010}} 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/3381.html |title=Revoljucija |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=2010-07-02}} 8. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/patrol_3158.html |title=Patrol info for U-1163 (Fourth patrol) |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=31 March 2010}} Bibliography{{Refbegin}}
|last1=Busch |first1=Rainer |last2=Röll |first2=Hans-Joachim |title=Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945 |trans-title=German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945 |work=Der U-Boot-Krieg |volume=IV |publisher=Mittler |location=Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn |year=1999 |isbn=3-8132-0514-2 |language=German |ref=harv }}
|last1=Gröner |first1=Erich |author-link1= |author-mask1= |last2=Jung |first2=Dieter |display-authors= |last-author-amp= |last3=Maass |first3=Martin |translator-last1=Thomas |translator-first1=Keith |translator-last2=Magowan |translator-first2=Rachel |year=1991 |title=U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels |volume=2 |work=German Warships 1815–1945 |location=London |publisher=Conway Maritime Press |isbn=0-85177-593-4 |ref=CITEREFGr.C3.B6ner1991 }}{{Refend}} External links
|url=http://uboat.net/boats/u1163.htm |title=The Type VIIC/41 boat U-1163 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=28 March 2010 }}{{German Type VII submarines}}{{December 1945 shipwrecks}}{{Subject bar | portal1=Military of Germany | portal2=Submarine | portal3=World War II }}{{use dmy dates|date=January 2015}}{{DEFAULTSORT:U1163}} 10 : German Type VIIC/41 submarines|U-boats commissioned in 1944|U-boats sunk in 1945|World War II submarines of Germany|1944 ships|World War II shipwrecks in the North Sea|U-boats sunk by British aircraft|Ships built in Danzig|Operation Deadlight|Maritime incidents in December 1945 |
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