“Ghanaian Americans”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Ghanaian Americans are Americans of full or partial Ghanaian ancestry or Ghanaians who became naturalized citizen of the United States.

History

Early history

The first people to arrive from the region then known as the Gold Coast were brought as slaves. Retrieved September 7, 2012, 17:10 pm."'E Pluribus Unum' – Melting Pot or Salad Bowl?" Organized by Jon K. Møller. Retrieved September 7, 2012, 18:10 pm Several ethnic groups such as the Gonja^[4] people were imported as well to the modern United States and the second these groups appear to have an influence on the language of the Gullah people.^[5]^[6] Because Ghanaian ports were major routes for European slave traders. Captives from ethnic groups and tribes from all over West Africa were brought there to be held and sent to the New World. Most them were imported to South Carolina, Virginia, and Georgia, although other places in the United States, such as Spanish Florida, also had many slaves of this origin.^[4]

Recent immigration

Ghanaians began arriving in the United States en masse during the 1950s and 1960s amid the Civil Rights Movement and anti-Imperialism era. In 1957, Ghana became the first African country to gain independence from British colonisation. Ghana's first president Kwame Nkrumah studied at American universities and worked with black American leaders for the rights of Black people worldwide. Notable African-American intellectuals and activists such as W. E. B. Du Bois and Malcolm X used Ghana as a symbol of black achievement. Most of the early immigrants from Ghana to the United States were students who came to get a better education and planned on using the education acquired in the United States to better Ghana.^[8] However, many Ghanaians that migrated in the 1980s and 1990s, came to get business opportunities. In difficult economic times, the number of Ghanaians who emigrated to the United States was small. However, when these economic problems were paralyzed, they built resources for their emigration to the United States.^[7]

Demography

According to the 2010 Census there are 91,322 Ghanaian Americans living in the United States.^[8] Locations with large populations include (in order of size): Atlanta; Chicago; Detroit; Washington, D.C.; The Bronx in New York City; Newark, New Jersey; Providence, Rhode Island; Worcester, Massachusetts; Denver, Colorado; Columbus, Ohio; and Maryland.{{clear}}

Education and languages

African immigrants to the U.S. are among the most educated groups in the United States. Some 48.9 percent of all African immigrants hold a college diploma. This is more than double the rate of native-born white Americans and nearly four times the rate of native-born African Americans.^[9]

Ghanaian immigrants arrive with high educational statistics and this is attributable to Ghana's English-speaking school system.^[10] Ghanaians are well represented in top universities across the United States and schools such as Cornell, Tufts, Yale, the University of Pennsylvania, and Stanford University have groups specifically devoted to Ghanaian students, in addition to general African student associations.^[10]

Languages

Ghanaian Americans speak English, and often also speak Akan, Ga and Twi.^[7] Ghanaians have an easier time adapting to life in the United States than other immigrants because their homeland of Ghana has the English language as the official language and it is spoken by the majority of Ghana's population.^[7]

Notable people

Sports

Music, arts and entertainment

Other

See also

References

1. ^{{cite web|title=Total ancestry categories tallied for people with one or more ancestry categories reported 2013 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_13_1YR_B04003&prodType=table|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2 September 2014}}
2. ^{{cite web|title=PLACE OF BIRTH FOR THE FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION IN THE UNITED STATES, Universe: Foreign-born population excluding population born at sea, 2007-2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_11_5YR_B05006&prodType=table|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=16 July 2013}}
3. ^[https://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2009/127235.htm US Census Bureau, International Religious Freedom Report 2009, Ghanaian-American]
4. ^¹Darlene Clark Hine, Earnestine Jenkins (eds), [https://books.google.com/books?id=7QZoSoy_2DYC&pg=PA103 A Question of Manhood: A Reader in U.S. Black Men's History and Masculinity, Volume 1], pp. 103–104.
5. ^African American culture, African Diaspora. Retrieved September 10, 2012, 23:26 pm.
6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.ferris.edu/jimcrow/question/july05/|title=Question of the Month. Cudjo Lewis: Last African Slave in the U.S.?|last=Pilgrim|first=David|date=July 2005|website=Jim Crow Museum of Racist Memorabilia|language=en|dead-url=|access-date=2017-03-02}}
7. ^¹²³EveryCulture — Ghanaian-Americans. Posted by Drew Walker. Retrieved December 10, 2011, 12:04.
8. ^{{cite web|title=Total ancestry categories tallied for people with one or more ancestry categories reported in 2010 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_B04003&prodType=table|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=30 November 2012}}
9. ^"African Immigrants in the United States are the Nation's Most Highly Educated Group". The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, No. 26 (Winter 1999-2000), pp. 60-61 {{doi|10.2307/2999156}}
10. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://www.ghana.usembassy.gov/mobile//education-of-ghana.html |title=The Educational System of Ghana |publisher=ghana.usembassy.gov |author= |authorlink= |date= |accessdate=July 14, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150301205554/http://ghana.usembassy.gov/mobile/ |archivedate=March 1, 2015 |df= }}