| 词条 | Gharyan |
| 释义 |
|official_name = Gharyan |other_name = Gharian, Garyan |native_name = غريان |settlement_type = City |motto = |image_skyline = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_type = |blank_emblem_size = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |image_dot_map = |dot_mapsize = |dot_map_caption = |dot_x = |dot_y = |pushpin_map =Libya |pushpin_label_position =bottom |pushpin_map_caption =Location in Libya |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = {{flag|Libya}} |subdivision_type1 = Region |subdivision_name1 = Tripolitania |subdivision_type2 = District |subdivision_name2 = Jabal al Gharbi |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name3 = |subdivision_type4 = |subdivision_name4 = |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |leader_title4 = |leader_name4 = |established_title = |established_date = |established_title2 = |established_date2 = |established_title3 = |established_date3 = |area_magnitude = |unit_pref = |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = |area_land_km2 = |area_water_km2 = |area_total_sq_mi = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |area_blank1_title = |area_blank1_km2 = |area_blank1_sq_mi = |population_as_of = 2011 |population_footnotes = [1] |population_note = |population_total = 187,854 |population_density_km2 = |population_density_sq_mi = |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_urban = |population_density_urban_km2 = |population_density_urban_sq_mi = |population_blank1_title =Ethnicities |population_blank1 = |population_blank2_title =Religions |population_blank2 = |population_density_blank1_km2 = |population_density_blank1_sq_mi = | timezone = EET | utc_offset = +2 |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |coordinates = {{coord|32|10|11|N|13|01|00|E|region:LY|display=inline,title}} |elevation_footnotes = [2] |elevation_m = 710 |elevation_ft = |postal_code_type = |postal_code = |area_code = |blank_name = |blank_info = |blank1_name = |blank1_info = |website = |footnotes = }} Gharyan is a city in northwestern Libya, in Jabal al Gharbi District. Prior to 2007 it was the administrative seat of Gharyan District. Gharyan is one of the largest towns in the Western Mountains. History "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [13.016667, 32.169722] }, "properties": { "title": "Gharyan", }} Gharyan was on the trade routes both south to Fezzan and over the Nafusa Mountains. By 1884 the Ottomans had established a mayor and town council in Gharyan.[3] It was considered the center of Libyan resistance against the Italian invasion in the early 20th century. 2011 Libyan Civil War{{main|2011 Libyan Civil War|Battle of Gharyan}}In early 2011, the city became involved in the nationwide anti-Gaddafi uprising. Initially successful, on 2 March, government forces retook it.[4] In April, rebels succeeded in occupying several nearby towns and establishing a second territory on the focal town and the first town demonstrate their will against regime on the 16 Feb. ZENTAIN Libya besides Misrata that is no longer under the control of the Gaddafi forces, but as of late June the rebels had still failed to take Gharyan.[5] On 13 August 2011, the rebel forces in Libya initiated a new battle for control of the city and were in control within two days.[6] Second Libyan Civil War{{main|Libyan Civil War (2014–present)|Tripoli offensive (2019)}}On April 4, 2019, the city fell to forces loyal to Tobruk-based General Khalifa Haftar as part of a wider Libyan National Army (LNA) offensive in western Libya.[7] Lady of GharyanJust west of Gharyan, there is a primitive road to the right, which provides a bumpy trip to a derelict former Italian barracks, a relic of World War II. There is a crumbling building at the camp. Painted on the bricks of one of the walls inside the building is an enormous (c.4m by 10m) representation of a naked woman, lying on her side, American pin-up style.[8] The upper torso of the woman is shaped as an inaccurate representation of the North Africa coast, and the salient points of her anatomy are marked with names of North African towns. The "Lady of Garian" was drawn by Clifford Saber,[9] a volunteer American ambulance driver with the British 8th Army. Saber created the mural to help boost the morale of his fellow servicemen, finishing on 2 March 1943, while his unit was housed for a few days at the barracks in Gharyan. ClimateGharyan experiences a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSh), with blazing summers and cool winters; its winters being one of the coldest in Libya. Due to its winter months being relatively 5º degrees colder than Tripoli, the locality sees a cooler variation of said climate, though its higher elevation also meant that the town gets a dozen millimetres more precipitation then Libya's capital city. {{Weather box|location = Gharyan|metric first = Y |single line = Y |Jan high C = 14.5 |Feb high C = 16.6 |Mar high C = 19.6 |Apr high C = 23.7 |May high C = 28.0 |Jun high C = 32.8 |Jul high C = 34.8 |Aug high C = 34.9 |Sep high C = 31.2 |Oct high C = 26.7 |Nov high C = 21.4 |Dec high C = 15.9 |Jan low C = 3.2 |Feb low C = 4.8 |Mar low C = 6.8 |Apr low C = 9.8 |May low C = 13.8 |Jun low C = 17.8 |Jul low C = 18.8 |Aug low C = 19.3 |Sep low C = 17.1 |Oct low C = 13.7 |Nov low C = 9.5 |Dec low C = 5.0 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 65 |Feb precipitation mm = 52 |Mar precipitation mm = 54 |Apr precipitation mm = 33 |May precipitation mm = 6 |Jun precipitation mm = 3 |Jul precipitation mm = 0 |Aug precipitation mm = 0 |Sep precipitation mm = 18 |Oct precipitation mm = 39 |Nov precipitation mm = 33 |Dec precipitation mm = 43 |year precipitation mm= 346 |source = [https://en.climate-data.org/location/6197/ Climate-data.org] |date=14 March 2018}} TransportIn the 1920s the Italians built a {{convert|90|km}} long railway between Tripoli and a village near Gharyan that was destroyed by the British during World War II.[10] EconomyThanks to its mountainous climate (considerably more moderate compared to the rest of Libya), figs are grown for local consumption, with olives and saffron[3] for both local use and export. Gharyan is also well known for its ceramics industry. See also
Notes1. ^{{cite web|last=World Gazetteer |url=http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=1273372850&men=gcis&lng=en&des=gamelan&geo=-133&srt=dpnn&col=abcdefghimoq&msz=1500&pt=c&va=&srt=pdnn |title=Libya: largest cities and towns and statistics of their population |accessdate=15 October 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130614003537/http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=1273372850&men=gcis&lng=en&des=gamelan&geo=-133&srt=dpnn&col=abcdefghimoq&msz=1500&pt=c&va=&srt=pdnn |archivedate=14 June 2013 |df= }} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=Garyan|title=Wolfram Alpha|accessdate=12 October 2011}} 3. ^1 {{cite journal|last=Anderson|first=Lisa|year=1984|title=Nineteenth-Century Reform in Ottoman Libya|journal=International Journal of Middle East Studies|issue=16(3)|pages=325–348, 331}} 4. ^{{cite news|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/news/africa/2011/03/20113242554921501.html|title=Battle rages over Libyan oil port|date=3 March 2011|accessdate=16 October 2011|work=Al Jazeera}} 5. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/26/world/africa/26libya.html|work=The New York Times|title=Western Libya Earns a Taste of Freedom as Rebels Loosen Qaddafi’s Grip|date=25 June 2011|last=Kirkpatrick|first=David D.|accessdate=16 October 2011|location=Rogeban, Libya}} 6. ^{{cite news|url=https://af.reuters.com/article/libyaNews/idAFLDE77H09I20110818|agency=Reuters|date=18 August 2011|title=Libya rebels take Garyan, south of Tripoli-witness|work=Reuters Africa|accessdate=16 October 2011}} 7. ^[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/apr/04/un-chief-urges-restraint-as-libyan-army-leader-plans-tripoli-assault Libyan strongman orders troops to march on Tripoli ] 8. ^(picture) 9. ^Clifford Saber's history and portfolio is at "Sketchbook of a Desert Rat", American Field Service 10. ^Le ferrovie nell'Africa italiana: aspetti economici, sociali e strategici (in Italian) {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722063813/http://www.gips.unisi.it/files/wp18.pdf |date=July 22, 2011 }} External links{{commons category-inline|Gharyan}}{{Jabal al Gharbi}}{{District capitals of Libya}} 3 : Populated places in Jabal al Gharbi District|Tripolitania|Baladiyat of Libya |
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