词条 | Jan Neruda |
释义 |
| name = Jan Neruda | image = Jan Vilímek - Jan Neruda.jpg | imagesize = | caption = Portrait of Jan Neruda by Jan Vilímek | pseudonym = | birth_name = Jan Nepomuk Neruda | birth_date = {{Birth date|1834|7|10|df=yes}} | birth_place = Prague, Austrian Empire | death_date = {{death date and age|1891|8|22|1834|7|9|df=yes}} | death_place = Prague, Austria-Hungary | resting_place = Vyšehrad Cemetery | occupation = Poet, journalist | nationality = Czech | period = | genre = Literary realism | subject = | movement = May school | notableworks = Povídky malostranské | spouse = Anna Holinová | partner = Karolína Světlá | children = | relatives = | influences = | influenced = }} Jan Nepomuk Neruda (Czech: [ˈjan ˈnɛpomuk ˈnɛruda]; 9 July 1834 – 22 August 1891[1]) was a Czech journalist, writer, poet and art critic; one of the most prominent representatives of Czech Realism and a member of the "May School". Early lifeJan Neruda was born in Prague, Bohemia; son of a small grocer who lived in the Malá Strana district. Initially, they lived on Újezd Street and later, when he was four, moved to Ostruhová Street (now called {{ill|Nerudova Street|cs|Nerudova (Praha)}}, in his honor), where they owned a house known as “U Dvou Slunců” (At the Two Suns). His studies began in 1845 at the local Grammar school then, in 1850, continued at the Academic Grammar School in Clementinum. His favourite writers at the time were Heine, Byron, Shakespeare, Karel Hynek Mácha and Václav Bolemír Nebeský. After graduation he tried to study law, but he failed. He worked as a clerk for a short time, but was unhappy, so he decided to study philosophy and philology at Charles University. He then worked as a teacher until 1860, when he became a freelance journalist and writer. He started his career at Národní listy (National Sheets). Later, he worked for Obrazy života (Pictures of Life) and {{ill|Čas|cs|Čas (časopis)}} (Time). He also contributed to {{ill|Květy|cs|Květy (časopis)}}[2] (Blossoms) and Lumír. He became the de-facto leader of a generation of writers that included Karolina Světlá, Vítězslav Hálek, Adolf Heyduk and Karel Sabina; devoted to continuing the legacy of Karel Hynek Mácha. They published their works in the literary almanac Máj. By 1871, various groups had labeled Neruda as a "Traitor to the Nation", so he decided to spend some time away; visiting Italy, Greece, France, Germany, Hungary and Egypt.[3] He kept detailed records of these journeys, which provide an interesting testimony to his life and times, with various insights that prove him to be a good observer. From 1883 to his death he lived on Vladislavova Street, 1382/14 in Nové Město, Prague. Personal lifeNeruda was a loner and an introvert. He never married, but he had close relationships with Anna Holinová and Karolína Světlá.[4] Holinová was his first love. Many of his poems were meant for her. Through her father, Neruda was able to meet Božena Němcová and Karel Jaromír Erben, famous Czech nationalist writers. His second love was Světlá, a married woman who was also a writer. They supported each other emotionally with their works. She also supported him financially. When he found himself deeply in debt, she sold a precious brooch and lent him the money. Unfortunately her husband, {{ill|Petr Mužák|cs}}, found out about it and forced him to give up the relationship. He also had to give him all the letters they had written to each other. These letters became the source for the movie called Příběh lásky a cti (The Story of Love and Honor). He had a close relationship with his mother. Her death in 1869 greatly affected him and brought a sadder tone to his works. CareerIn his work, Neruda supported the Czech National Revival and promoted Czech nationalism. He participated in all the central cultural and political struggles of his generation, and gained a reputation as a sensitive critic. Neruda became, along with Vítězslav Hálek, one of the most prominent representatives of the new literary trends. DeathBeginning in 1880, he suffered from a swelling of his veins, which contributed to a number of diseases that afflicted him for the rest of his life. In the winter of 1888, he shattered his kneecap when he slipped on some ice. From that time on, he relied on messengers to deliver his articles to Národní listy. He died on August 22, 1891, from an inflammation of his digestive tract caused by intestinal cancer. He was buried at Vyšehrad Cemetery in Prague. His funeral became the occasion for an expression of Czech nationalist sentiment.[5] WorksPoetry
Prose
Theatre plays
Feuilletons
Journalism
Legacy
References1. ^{{Cite web|url=http://katalog.ahmp.cz/pragapublica/permalink?xid=12DEBA2D745C48CA961A532F8E94D49E&scan=213#scan213|title=Matriculation record of the Death and Funeral|last=|first=|date=|website=katalog.ahmp.cz|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}} 2. ^{{Cite book|title=Lexikon české literatury: osobnosti, díla, instituce..|last=HAMAN|first=Aleš|publisher=|year=2000|isbn=|location=Prague|pages=493–502}} 3. ^{{Cite web|url=http://ireferaty.cz/100/4260/Neruda-Jan|title=Neruda Jan|last=|first=|date=|website=ireferaty.cz|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}} 4. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.cesky-jazyk.cz/zivotopisy/jan-neruda.html#axzz4hWoWXTZI|title=Jan Neruda|last=|first=|date=|website=cesky-jazyk.cz|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}} 5. ^{{Cite book|title=Lexikon české literatury: osobnosti, díla, instituce|last=HAMAN|first=Aleš|publisher=|year=2000|isbn=|location=Prague|pages=493–502}} 6. ^{{cite book|title=(1875) Neruda. In: Dictionary of Minor Planet Names |pages = 150|publisher=Springer |date=2003 |isbn=978-3-540-29925-7 |doi=10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1876|chapter = (1875) Neruda}} External links{{commons category|Jan Neruda}}
12 : 1834 births|1891 deaths|Writers from Prague|Czech journalists|Czech poets|Male poets|Czech male writers|19th-century Czech musicians|19th-century journalists|Male journalists|19th-century poets|19th-century Czech writers |
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