| 词条 | Giovanni Battista Baliani |
| 释义 |
Giovanni Battista Baliani (1582 – 1666) was an Italian mathematician, physicist and astronomer. BiographyHe was born in Genoa. He was governor of Savona in 1647–1649 and captain of the Republic of Genoa's archers. For some 25 years, he held a correspondence with Galileo Galilei about the time's most innovative scientific theories and experiments.[1] At Savona, from the Priamar Fortress, he repeated Galileo's experiment of the Tower of Pisa, obtaining more precise measurements which allowed him to underline the effect of air attrition. He also conducted an experiment to show the heat generated by a pot full of water, which he had boiled after rotating it at high speed. His main work is entitled De motu naturali gravium, fluidorum et solidorum ("About the motion of bodies, fluids and solids"), published in 1638; in it, he was the first to enunciate the law of acceleration of a body and to distinguish between mass and weight.{{citation needed|date=January 2011}} He also studied tides, supporting Galileo's theory that they were generated by the Earth's motion around the Sun. His arguments were published by Giovanni Battista Riccioli in his Almagestum novum (1651) and later resumed by John Wallis and Isaac Newton.{{citation needed|date=January 2011}} Baliani died at Genoa in 1666. Notes1. ^{{citation|title=Encyclopedia of the Scientific Revolution: From Copernicus to Newton|first=Wilbur|last=Applebaum|publisher=Routledge|date=2000|isbn=9781135582555|pages=140–141|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k43Q9RHuGXgC&pg=PT140|quote=in 1614 he [Baliani] opened a correspondence with him [Galileo] that lasted many years}}. However, Applebaum also calls Baliani's correspondence with Galileo "intermittent". For another discussion of the timing and content of letters dating from 1615 to 1639, see {{citation|title=Science, Art and Nature in Medieval and Modern Thought|first=A. C.|last=Crombie|publisher=Continuum|date=1996|isbn=9780826431622|pages=224–225|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qDFpw6dkVggC&pg=PA224}}. Sources
8 : 1582 births|1666 deaths|People of the Republic of Genoa|Italian mathematicians|16th-century Italian mathematicians|17th-century Italian mathematicians|Italian physicists|Italian astronomers |
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