| 词条 | Glaucus (gastropod) |
| 释义 |
| image = Blue Sea Slug - Glaucus atlanticus and Glaucus marginatus (the small one) (6779229197).jpg | image_caption = Glaucus atlanticus and {{abbr|G.|Glaucus}} marginatus (the smaller one) | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Mollusca | classis = Gastropoda | unranked_ordo = clade Heterobranchia clade Euthyneura clade Nudipleura clade Nudibranchia clade Dexiarchia clade Cladobranchia clade Aeolidida | superfamilia = Aeolidioidea | familia = Glaucidae | familia_authority = Gray, 1827 | genus= Glaucus | genus_authority =Forster, 1777 | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = See text | synonyms =
| type_species= Glaucus atlanticus Forster, 1777 }}Glaucus is a genus of small blue pelagic sea slugs. They are aeolid nudibranchs,[1] ranging in size from {{convert|20|to|40|mm|in|abbr=on|2}}.[2] They feed on colonial cnidarians such as Portuguese man o' wars, blue buttons, and purple sails. They can produce painful and potentially dangerous stings when handled, as they store the venomous nematocysts of their prey.[3] Glaucus is the only genus in the family Glaucidae. It includes five species.[1] Taxonomic historyThe genus Glaucus was established by monotypy in 1777 by the British naturalist Johann Reinhold Forster.[5] He described specimens of Glaucus atlanticus recovered during the second voyage of James Cook aboard {{HMS|Resolution|1771|6}}. The genus is named after the Greek sea-god Glaucus.[4][5] In 1848, the German naturalist Johannes Gistel provided the substitute name Dadone for Glaucus. But it is unnecessary and is now regarded as invalid.[6] The family Glaucidae was established in 1827 by the British zoologist John Edward Gray to contain the genus.[9] A second species in the family was described by the Danish malacologist Rudolph Bergh in 1860. He placed it under a new genus Glaucilla.[7] However, the synapomorphies between Glaucus and Glaucilla have made the maintenance of both genera irrelevant. Therefore Glaucus is now regarded as the only genus within the family Glaucidae.[8] Glaucidae is classified under the superfamily Aeolidioidea.[9] In 2014, a careful DNA and anatomical study of the genus unexpectedly revealed the presence of a species complex. Only one species was found in the Atlantic, but the name Glaucus marginatus was revealed to include four separate species (referred to informally as the 'marginatus' clade). There are three species in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre System and another species in the South Pacific Subtropical Gyre System. Glaucus atlanticus also occurs throughout the Indo-Pacific as well as in the Atlantic Ocean. In the North Pacific are Glaucus marginatus, Glaucus thompsoni and Glaucus mcfarlanei, with Glaucus marginatus also occurring in the Indian Ocean and the South Pacific. Also in the South Pacific is Glaucus bennettae.[10][11] Glaucus atlanticus has some genetic differences in different parts of its range but is considered to be a single species.[12]SpeciesSpecies within the genus Glaucus include:
References1. ^1 Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2013). Glaucus Forster, 1777. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2013-07-17 {{Taxonbar|from=Q3771931}}{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2017}}2. ^{{cite web|url=http://scubadiverlife.com/2011/06/16/glaucus-atlanticus-marginatus-nudibranch/|title=Glaucus atlanticus & marginatus|author=Aly, N.|date=16 June 2011|publisher=Suba Diver Life|accessdate=23 September 2015}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/glaucus-atlanticus-science-picture-of-the-week-65306082/#uePw2rtYb08dciIE.99|title=Glaucus atlanticus: Science Picture of the Week|author=Stromberg, J.|date=12 April 2012|publisher=Smithsonian.com|accessdate=23 September 2015}} 4. ^{{cite book|author=Forster, G.|title =A voyage round the world in His Britannic Majesty's sloop, Resolution, commanded by Capt. James Cook, during the years 1772, 3, 4, and 5 by George Forster|volume=1|publisher =White, Robson, Elmsly & Robinson|year =1777|page=49}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thecephalopodpage.org/MarineInvertebrateZoology/Glaucusatlanticus.html|title=Blue Ocean Slug (Glaucus atlanticus)|author=Scocchi, C.|editor=Wood, J.B.|work=Marine Invertebrates of Bermuda|publisher=The Cephalod Page|accessdate=23 September 2015}} 6. ^Bouchet, P. (2015). Dadone Gistel, 1848. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2015-09-23 7. ^{{cite journal|author=Bergh, L.S.R.|year=1860|title=Om Forekomsten af Neldefiim hos Mollusker|journal=Videnskabelige Meddelelser Fra den Naturhistoriske Forening I Kjöbenhavn|volume=1860|pages=309–331|url=https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=iow5AAAAcAAJ&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false}} 8. ^Valdés A. & Campillo O.A. (2004) Systematics of pelagic aeolid nudibranchs of the family Glaucidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Bulletin of Marine Science 75(3): 381–389 9. ^1 Bouchet, P. (2013). Glaucidae. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species, Glaucidae Gray, 1827, Glaucus Forster, 1777 on 2014-06-11 10. ^1 {{cite journal |author1=Churchill C. K. C. |author2=Valdés Á |author3=Foighil D. | year = 2014 | title = Molecular and morphological systematics of neustonic nudibranchs (Mollusca : Gastropoda : Glaucidae : Glaucus), with descriptions of three new cryptic species | doi = 10.1071/is13038 | journal = Invertebrate Systematics | volume = 28 | issue = 2| pages = 174–195 }} 11. ^{{cite journal |author1=Churchill C.K. |author2=Alejandrino A. |author3=Valdés Á. |author4=Foighil D. | year = 2013 | title = Parallel changes in genital morphology delineate cryptic diversification of planktonic nudibranchs | doi = 10.1098/rspb.2013.1224 | journal = Proceedings of the Royal Society B | volume = 280 | issue = 1765| page = 20131224 | pmid=23825213 | pmc=3712456}} 12. ^{{cite journal |author1=Churchill C.K. |author2=Valdés Á. |author3=Foighil D. | year = 2014 | title = Afro-Eurasia and the Americas present barriers to gene flow for the cosmopolitan neustonic nudibranch Glaucus atlanticus | url = | journal = Marine Biology | volume = 161| issue = 4| pages = 899–910| doi = 10.1007/s00227-014-2389-7 }} 2 : Glaucidae|Taxa named by Johann Reinhold Forster |
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