| 词条 | Japantown, San Francisco |
| 释义 |
|name=Japantown |settlement_type=Neighborhood |official_name= |native_name= |image_skyline=Japantown-AMC-Pagoda.jpg |image_caption=Japan Center of Japantown, with Peace Pagoda and the Sundance Kabuki 8 cinema complex. |nickname=Nihonmachi,{{Citation needed|date=February 2015}} Little Osaka,{{Citation needed|date=February 2015}} J-Town{{Citation needed|date=February 2015}} |pushpin_map=United States San Francisco Central |pushpin_label_position=right |pushpin_map_caption=Location within Central San Francisco |coordinates = {{coord|37.7851|-122.4298|display=inline}} |subdivision_type=Country |subdivision_name={{USA}} |subdivision_type1=State |subdivision_name1={{flag|California}} |subdivision_type2=City-county |subdivision_name2=San Francisco |leader_title=Supervisor |leader_name=London Breed |leader_title1=Assemblymember |leader_name1={{Representative|caad|17|fmt=sleader}}[1] |leader_title2=State senator |leader_name2={{Representative|casd|11|fmt=sleader}}[1] |leader_title3=U.S. rep. |leader_name3={{Representative|cacd|12|fmt=usleader}}[2] |established_title= |established_date= |unit_pref=US |area_footnotes=[3] |area_total_sq_mi=0.036 |area_land_sq_mi=0.036 |area_water_sq_mi= |area_water_percent= |elevation_footnotes= |elevation_m= |elevation_ft= |elevation_max_m= |elevation_max_ft= |elevation_min_m= |elevation_min_ft= |population_footnotes=[3] |population_total=1397 |population_density_sq_mi=auto |timezone=Pacific |utc_offset=−8 |timezone_DST=PDT |utc_offset_DST=−7 |postal_code_type=ZIP code |postal_code=94115 |area_code_type=Area codes |area_code=415/628 }}{{nihongo|Japantown|日本町|Nihonmachi}} (also known as J-Town or historically as Japanese Town, or "Nihonmachi" ("Japan town", in Japanese)) is a neighborhood in the Western Addition district of San Francisco, California. Japantown comprises about six city blocks, and it is considered one of the largest and oldest ethnic enclaves in the United States. [5] LocationThe main thoroughfare is Post Street, between Fillmore Street (to the west) and Laguna Street (to the east). The Japantown neighborhood is generally considered to be bordered on the north by Bush or Pine Street, and on the south by Geary Boulevard. Its focal point is the Japan Center, which opened in 1968,[6] and is the site of three Japanese-oriented shopping centers. The San Francisco Peace Pagoda, also at the Japan Center, is a five-tiered concrete stupa designed by Japanese architect Yoshiro Taniguchi and presented to San Francisco by the people of Osaka, Japan. HistoryBuilt and settled as part of the Western Addition neighborhood in the 19th and early 20th century, Japanese immigrants began moving into the area following the 1906 earthquake.[7] (Before 1906, San Francisco had two Japantowns, one on the outskirts of Chinatown, the other in the South of Market area. After 1906, San Francisco's main Japantown was in the Western Addition, with a smaller one in the South Park area.[8]) By World War II, the neighborhood was one of the largest such enclaves of Japanese outside Japan, as it took an appearance similar to the Ginza district in Tokyo.[7] In February 1942, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066, which forced all Japanese of birth or descent, including Japanese American citizens of the United States, to be relocated from the Pacific coast and interned. By 1943 many large sections of the neighborhood remained vacant due to the forced internment. The void was quickly filled by thousands of African Americans who had left the South to find wartime industrial jobs in California as part of the Great Migration. Following the war, some Japanese Americans returned, followed by new Japanese immigrants as well as investment from the Japanese Government and Japanese companies. However, many did not return to the neighborhood and instead settled in other parts of the city, or out to the suburbs altogether. This was further exacerbated by the city's efforts to rejuvenate the neighborhood initiated by Justin Herman in the Western Addition in the 1960s through the 1980s.[9] In 1957, San Francisco entered in a sister city relationship with the city of Osaka, hence the nickname "Little Osaka". Osaka is San Francisco's oldest sister city.[10] In commemoration of the 50th anniversary of this relationship, one block of Buchanan Street, in Japantown, was renamed Osaka Way on September 8, 2007.[11] Government and infrastructureThe San Francisco Police Department Northern Station serves Japantown.[12] EducationThe area is within the San Francisco Unified School District. Rosa Parks Elementary School is located near Japantown. It houses the Japanese Bilingual Bicultural Program (JBBP).[13] In the winter of 2005 Rosa Parks had 233 students, which filled less than half of the school. That winter, SFUSD proposed closing the school and merge it with another elementary school. Parents protested in favor of keeping the school open. SFUSD moved the Japanese Bilingual Bicultural Program into Rosa Parks. As of November 2006, almost half of the students in the regular Rosa Parks program are African-American and one-third of the students in the JBBP program are Japanese.[14] Attractions and characteristicsThe area is home to Japanese cuisine (and some Korean and Chinese) restaurants, supermarkets, indoor shopping malls, hotels, banks and other shops, including one of the few U.S. branches of the large Kinokuniya bookstore chain. Most of these businesses are located in the commercial Japan Center of the neighborhood, in a large shopping mall built in the 1960s as part of urban renewal efforts and is run by Japanese retailer Kintetsu. FestivalsSan Francisco's Japantown celebrates two major festivals every year: The Northern California Cherry Blossom Festival (held for two weekends every April),[15] and the Nihonmachi Street Fair, held one weekend in the month of August.[16] The Cherry Blossom Festival takes place over the course of two weekends. During the first weekend, the Northern California Cherry Blossom Queen Program takes place at the Kabuki Theatre, where women of Japanese/Japanese-American descent are chosen to represent, learn about, and serve their community.[17] During the Sunday parade, the queen and princesses are presented on a float. See also
References1. ^1 {{Cite web |url=http://statewidedatabase.org/gis/gis2011/index_2011.html |title=Statewide Database |publisher=UC Regents |accessdate=December 8, 2014}} 2. ^{{Cite GovTrack|CA|12}} 3. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.city-data.com/neighborhood/Japantown-San-Francisco-CA.html |title=Japantown neighborhood in San Francisco, California (CA), 94115 subdivision profile |publisher=City-Data.com |accessdate=February 14, 2015}} 4. ^ 5. ^{{cite web |url = http://sfjapantown100.org/ |title = San Francisco Japantown 100th Anniversary - History of San Francisco's Japantown |publisher = Japantown Merchants Association |accessdate = December 16, 2007 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071216040719/http://sfjapantown100.org/ |archivedate = December 16, 2007 |df = mdy-all}} 6. ^{{cite AV Media |title=Japan Center's Dedication Ceremony |date=March 28, 1968 |author=Belva Davis |publisher=KPIX Eyewitness News |website=San Francisco Bay Area Television Archive |url=http://diva.sfsu.edu/collections/sfbatv/bundles/190393 |accessdate=February 8, 2015}} 7. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.sfjapantown.org/About/ |publisher=Japantown San Francisco |title=About Japantown |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091220054641/http://www.sfjapantown.org/About/ |archivedate=December 20, 2009 }} 8. ^Japanese Task Force Inc., Images of San Francisco's Japantown (2005) pp. 7, 9 9. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.sfgate.com/opinion/openforum/article/Preserving-Japantown-is-about-people-not-just-2644066.php | work=San Francisco Chronicle | title=Preserving Japantown is about people, not just property | first=Linda | last=Jofuku | date=August 31, 2005 |accessdate=February 8, 2015}} 10. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.sf-osaka.org/Pages/events_50Anniversary.html |title = SF-Osaka Sister City Association: 50th Anniversary 2007 - Events |publisher = SF-Osaka Sister City Association |accessdate = December 18, 2007 }} 11. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.cgjsf.org/archives/PR_e/pr_07_0908.htm |title = Osaka Way Unveiling Ceremony |publisher = Consulate-General of Japan in San Francisco |accessdate = December 18, 2007 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303214353/http://www.cgjsf.org/archives/PR_e/pr_07_0908.htm |archivedate = March 3, 2016 |df = mdy-all}} 12. ^{{cite web |url=http://sf-police.org/index.aspx?page=825 |title=Northern Station |publisher=San Francisco Police Department |accessdate=September 1, 2013}} 13. ^{{cite news|last=Chen |first=Adelaide |url=http://www.asianweek.com/2008/02/27/japantown-planning-talks-continue/ |title=Japantown Planning Talks Continue |newspaper=AsianWeek |date=February 27, 2008 |accessdate=September 1, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140526045148/http://www.asianweek.com/2008/02/27/japantown-planning-talks-continue/ |archivedate=May 26, 2014 |df= }} 14. ^{{cite news |last=Eslinger |first=Bonnie |url=http://www.sfexaminer.com/sanfrancisco/school-merger-unites-communities/Content?oid=2156994 |title=School merger unites communities |newspaper=San Francisco Examiner |date=November 20, 2006 |accessdate=September 1, 2013}} 15. ^{{cite web |url=http://sfcherryblossom.org/ |title=Northern California Cherry Blossom Festival |accessdate=February 8, 2015}} 16. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nihonmachistreetfair.org |title=Nihonmachi Street Fair |accessdate=February 8, 2015}} 17. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nccbfqueenprogram.org/ |title=Northern California Cherry Blossom Festival Queen Program |accessdate=February 8, 2015}} Further reading
External links{{Commons category|Japantown, San Francisco}}{{Portal|San Francisco Bay Area|Asian Americans|Japan}}{{Wikivoyage|San Francisco/Japantown|Japantown}}
6 : Japanese-American culture in San Francisco|Japantowns in the United States|Neighborhoods in San Francisco|Western Addition, San Francisco|Cherry blossom festivals|Ethnic enclaves in California |
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