词条 | Goa Gajah |
释义 |
HistoryAlthough the exact origins of the cave are uncertain, it is believed to have been built as place for spiritual meditation.[2] One folklore relates that it was created by the fingernail of the legendary giant Kebo Iwa. However, examining its style, the sanctuary was probably dated from the 11th century Bali Kingdom. The complex contains both Hindu and Buddhist imagery, as the cave contains lingam and yoni, symbol of Shiva, and the image of Ganesha, while by the river there are carved images of stupas and chattra, imagery of Buddhism. The cave was rediscovered by Dutch archaeologists in 1923, but the fountains and bathing pool were not discovered until 1954.[3] Site descriptionThe temple is characterised by menacing faces that are carved into the stone - who's purpose is assumed to be the warding off of evil spirits. The primary figure was once thought to be an elephant, hence the nickname Elephant Cave. Other sources state that it is named after the stone statue of the Hindu God Ganesh (characterised by having the head of an elephant) located inside of the temple.[4] The site is mentioned in the Javanese poem Desawarnana written in 1365. An extensive bathing place on the site was not excavated until the 1950s.[5] To reach the entrance of the cave, you need to walk down a long flight of stairs. There is not an accessible entrance.[6] The inside of the temple is small and usually has trails of white smoke from the incense burning.[7] Visitors wearing shorts will be issued a sarong to tie around the waist before entering the courtyard. The complex also contains 7 statues of women (out of which 1 is destroyed due to earthquake) holding water pitchers that depicts seven holy rivers of India; Ganga river, Sarasvati River, Yamuna river, Godavari River, Sindhu River, Kaveri river and Narmada river. World Heritage StatusThis site was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List on October 19, 1995, in the Cultural category.[8] Notes1. ^Davison, J. et al. (2003) 2. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.bali-indonesia.com/magazine/goa-gajah.htm|title=Elephant Cave in Bali - Goa Gajah - Bali Magazine|work=bali-indonesia.com|access-date=2018-06-13|language=en-US}} 3. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/indonesia/bedulu/attractions/goa-gajah/a/poi-sig/1189892/1318644|title=Goa Gajah in Bedulu, Indonesia|last=Planet|first=Lonely|work=Lonely Planet|access-date=2017-12-27|language=en}} 4. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.bali-indonesia.com/magazine/goa-gajah.htm|title=Elephant Cave in Bali - Goa Gajah - Bali Magazine|work=bali-indonesia.com|access-date=2018-06-13|language=en-US}} 5. ^Pringle, R. (2004) p 61 6. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.adventureswithchildren.com/bali-vacation-guide-kids/|title=Bali Vacation Guide [With Kids] - Adventures With Children|date=2018-06-12|work=Adventures With Children|access-date=2018-06-13|language=en-US}} 7. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.adventureswithchildren.com/bali-vacation-guide-kids/|title=Bali Vacation Guide [With Kids] - Adventures With Children|date=2018-06-12|work=Adventures With Children|access-date=2018-06-13|language=en-US}} 8. ^Elephant Cave - UNESCO World Heritage Centre External links
References{{commons category|Goa Gajah}}
| last = Pringle | first = Robert | authorlink = Robert Pringle (diplomat) | title = Indonesia's Hindu Realm; A short history of | publisher = Allen & Unwin | series = Short History of Asia Series | year = 2004 | doi = | isbn = 1-86508-863-3
| last = Davison | first = J. |author2=Nengah Enu |author3=Bruce Granquist |author4=Luca Invernizzi Tettoni | title = Introduction to Balinese Architecture | publisher = Tuttle Publishing | year = 2003 | doi = | isbn = 0-7946-0071-9{{coord|8|31|24.20|S|115|17|10.89|E|display=title}} 4 : Tourist attractions in Bali|Archaeological sites in Indonesia|Buildings and structures in Bali|Cultural Properties of Indonesia in Bali |
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