词条 | Goblin |
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A goblin is a monstrous creature from European folklore, first attested in stories from the Middle Ages. They are ascribed various and conflicting abilities, temperaments and appearances depending on the story and country of origin. They are almost always small and grotesque, mischievous or outright malicious, and greedy, especially for gold and jewelry. They often have magical abilities similar to a fairy or demon. Similar creatures include brownies, dwarfs, duendes, gnomes, imps, and kobolds. NameAlternative spellings include gobblin, gobeline, gobling, goblyn, goblino, and gobbelin English goblin is first recorded in the 14th century and is probably from unattested Anglo-Norman *gobelin,[1] similar to Old French gobelin, already attested around 1195 in Ambroise of Normandy's Guerre sainte, and to Medieval Latin gobelinus in Orderic Vitalis before 1141,[2][3] which was the name of a devil or daemon haunting the country around Évreux, Normandy. It may be related both to German kobold and to Medieval Latin cabalus, or *gobalus, itself from Greek κόβαλος (kobalos), "rogue", "knave", "imp", "goblin".[2][4] Alternatively, it may be a diminutive or other derivative of the French proper name Gobel, more often Gobeau,[5][6] diminutive forms Gobelet, Goblin, Goblot, but their signification is probably "somebody who sells tumblers or beakers or cups".[7] Moreover, these proper names are not from Normandy, where the word gobelin, gobelinus first appears in the old documents. German Kobold contains the Germanic root kov- (Middle German Kobe "refuge, cavity", "hollow in a rock", Dial. English cove "hollow in a rock", English "sheltered recess on a coast", Old Norse kofi "hut, shed" ) which means originally a "hollow in the earth".[8][9] The word is probably related to Dial. Norman gobe "hollow in a cliff", with simple suffix -lin or double suffixation -el-in (cf. Norman surnames Beuzelin,[10] Gosselin,[11] Étancelin,[12] etc.) The Welsh coblyn, a type of knocker, derives from the Old French gobelin via the English goblin.[13][14] The term goblette has been used to refer to female goblins.[15][16] European folklore and collected folk stories
Goblin-like creatures in other cultures
Many Asian lagyt creatures have been likened to, or translated as, goblins. Some examples for these:
Goblin-related place names
See also
References1. ^T. F. Hoad, English Etymology, Oxford University Press, p. 196b. 2. ^1 CNRTL etymology of gobelin (online French) 3. ^Du Cange et al, Glossarium mediae et infimae latinitatis ...(online French and Latin) 4. ^κόβαλος, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=goblin |title=Goblin|work=The Online Etymological Dictionary |last=Harper |first=Douglas |authorlink=Douglas Harper |accessdate=2011-12-20}} 6. ^HOAD, p. 196b. 7. ^Albert Dauzat, Noms et prénoms de France, Librairie Larousse 1980, édition revue et commentée par Marie-Thérèse Morlet. p. 295b Gobel. 8. ^Duden, Herkunftswörterbuch : Etymologie der deutschen Sprache, Band 7, Dudenverlag, p. 359 : Kobel, koben, Kobold. 9. ^HOAD, p. 101b. 10. ^Géopatronyme : surname Beuzelin in France (online French) 11. ^Géopatronyme : surname Gosselin in France (online French) Gosselin 12. ^Géopatronyme : surname Étancelin in France (online French) 13. ^Franklin, Anna (2002). "Goblin", The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Fairies. London: Paper Tiger. {{ISBN|1-84340-240-8}}. p. 108 14. ^The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Current English 15. ^{{cite book |year=1992 |title=The Color of Her Panties |quote=You can't move me out, you skirted goblette. |first=Piers |last=Anthony}} 16. ^{{cite episode |series=The Adventures of Puss in Boots |date=28 September 2015 |number=12 |title=Goblin |quote=My dear, dear goblette, there is really nothing to it. |first=Jesse |last=Porter}} 17. ^Apples4theTeacher - short stories 18. ^Dutch Fairy Tales for Young Folks, 1918, compiled by William Elliot Griffis 19. ^Rick Walton - folktale 20. ^Sacred texts 21. ^Ghosts, Goblins, and Haunted Castles, Aventinum Publishers, 1990 in English, page 51 22. ^Glasgow Street Names, Carol Foreman, Birlinn, 2007, page 58. Further reading{{Wikiquote}}{{Wikisource}}{{Commons category|Goblins}}
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