| 词条 | Gold (hieroglyph) | |||
| 释义 |
The Egyptian hieroglyph representing gold (𓋞 Gardiner S12), phonetic value nb, is important due to its use in the Horus-of-Gold name, one of the Fivefold Titulary names of the Egyptian pharaoh. In its determinative usage, it identifies any precious metal, [1] and as an ideogram in "gold" specifically (Egyptian nbw, whence Coptic {{Coptic|ⲛⲟⲩⲃ}} nūb).[2][3]The hieroglyph represents a large gold and pearl necklace.[4] Old Kingdom scenes show dwarfs metalworking the gold,[5] and "stringing the pearls of gold".[6] Variant formsThree variants of the gold hieroglyph are ligatured with another hieroglyph:[7] In the 198 BC Rosetta Stone the silver ligature is used three times, lines N19-(Nubayrah Stele), R2, and R4 (Rosetta lines).[8] "Hedj", silver is often paired with grains as in line R2 (Rosetta 2), (for taxes from the temples): "....(amounts heavy) many of silver (i.e. money) and grain gave them, his Majesty to the ground (i.e. he remitted)."[9](For 'and', the wick, no. V28, UsageHorus-of-Gold nameOne of the older uses of the gold hieroglyph is for the Horus-of-Gold, The meaning of this particular title has been disputed. One belief is that it represents the triumph of Horus over his uncle Seth, as the symbol for gold can be taken to mean that Horus was "superior to his foes". Gold also was strongly associated in the ancient Egyptian mind with eternity, so this may have been intended to convey the pharaoh's eternal Horus name. Similar to the Fivefold Titulary Nebty name, this particular name typically was not framed by a cartouche or serekh. It always begins with the depiction of the horus falcon perched above a representation of the sun-(hieroglyph). The combination of the Horus falcon and the gold hieroglyph is frequently found on Ancient Egyptian pectorals (see image). GoldIn the Old Egyptian Palermo Stone inscription (late 24th or early 23rd century BC), the hieroglyph is used in the phrases "first counting of gold" and "collar of gold". One spelling of the word "gold", nbw, in the Egyptian language, uses the melted nugget determinative, However the determinative is not Gardiner Sign Listed; it is a "kneeling man-(metallurgist) blowing air into kiln-fire, with long tube".[11] Late Period coinageOne of the few coins minted for ancient Egypt is the gold stater, issued during the 30th Dynasty. The reverse of the gold stater shows a horse reared up on its hind legs. The obverse has the two hieroglyphs for nfr and nb: "Perfect gold", or a common-era term: 'Fine'-gold, ("Beautiful Gold"). The reverse, horse iconography is referenced because of the "beauty", and uniqueness of the horse species. See also{{Commons category|Collar of gold (hieroglyph)}}
References1. ^Betrò, 1994, Hieroglyphics: The Writings of Ancient Egypt, p. 176. 2. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gd6aAAAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&dq=ancient%20egyptian%20allen&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q=ancient%20egyptian%20allen&f=false|title=The Ancient Egyptian Language: An Historical Study|last=Allen|first=James P.|date=2013-07-11|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=|isbn=9781107032460|location=|pages=71|language=en}} 3. ^Betrò, 1994, p. 176. 4. ^Schumann-Antelme, Illustrated Hieroglyphics Handbook, p. 166. 5. ^Betrò, 1994, p. 176. 6. ^Betrò, 1994, p. 176. 7. ^Betrò, 1994, Hieroglyphics: The Writings of Ancient Egypt, p. 176. 8. ^Budge, The Rosetta Stone, p. 142, 147, 151. 9. ^Budge, p. 147-148. 10. ^Budge, p. 151. 11. ^Schumann-Antelme, p. 166-167.
2 : Gold|Egyptian hieroglyphs: crowns-dress-staves |
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