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词条 Gorilla Glass
释义

  1. Development

  2. Manufacture

  3. Related Corning glass technologies

  4. See also

  5. References

  6. External links

Gorilla Glass is a brand of chemically strengthened glass developed and manufactured by Corning, now in its sixth generation, designed to be thin, light and damage-resistant. Gorilla Glass is unique to Corning, but close equivalents exist, including AGC Inc. Dragontrail and Schott AG Xensation.[1][2][3]

The alkali-aluminosilicate sheet glass is used primarily as cover glass for portable electronic devices, including mobile phones, portable media players, portable computer displays, and television screens.[4] It is manufactured in Harrodsburg, Kentucky, US; Asan, Korea;[5] and Taiwan.

The glass gains its surface strength, ability to contain flaws, and crack-resistance by being immersed in a proprietary, hot, potassium-salt, ion-exchange bath.{{Citation needed|date=March 2019}}

Corning experimented with chemically strengthened glass in 1960, as part of a "Project Muscle" initiative. Within a few years they had developed a "muscled glass"[6] marketed as Chemcor. The product was used until the early 1990s in commercial and industrial applications, including automotive, aviation and pharmaceutical uses,[6] notably in approximately one hundred 1968 Dodge Dart and Plymouth Barracuda racing cars, where minimizing the vehicle's weight was essential.[7] Experimentation was revived in 2005, investigating whether the glass could be made thin enough for use in consumer electronics. It was brought into commercial use when Apple asked Corning for a thin, toughened glass to be used in its new iPhone.[8][9]

As of October 2017, some five billion devices globally contain Gorilla Glass.[10] While dominating its market, Gorilla Glass faces varying competition from rivals such as Dragontrail and synthetic sapphire.[10]

Development

Version Announced
1 February 2008[11]
2 January 2012[12]
3 January 2013[13]
4 November 2014
5 July 2016
SR+ August 2016[14]
6 July 2018[15]

Corning further developed the material for a variety of smartphones and other consumer electronics devices for a range of companies.[16][17][18]

The manufacturer markets the material's primary properties as its high scratch-resistance (protective coating) and its hardness (with a Vickers hardness test rating of 622 to 701),[19] which allows the glass to be thin without fragility. It can be recycled.[16]

By 2010, the glass had been used in approximately 20% of mobile handsets worldwide, about 200 million units.[20] The second generation, called "Gorilla Glass 2", was introduced in 2012. On October 24, 2012, Corning announced that over one billion mobile devices used Gorilla Glass.[21] Gorilla Glass 2 is 20% thinner than the original Gorilla Glass.[22]

Gorilla Glass 3 was introduced at CES 2013. According to Corning, the material is up to three times more scratch-resistant than the previous version, with enhanced ability to resist deep scratches that typically weaken glass.[23] The promotional material for Gorilla Glass 3 claims that it is 40% more scratch-resistant, in addition to being more flexible.[24] The design of Gorilla Glass 3 was Corning's first use of atomic-scale modeling before the material was melted in laboratories, with the prediction of the optimal composition obtained through the application of rigidity theory.[25]

When Gorilla Glass 3 was announced Corning indicated that areas for future improvements included reducing reflectivity and susceptibility to fingerprint smudges, and changing the surface treatments and the way it is finished.[22] Antimicrobial Gorilla Glass with ionic silver, which is antibacterial, incorporated into its surface was demonstrated in early 2014.[26]

Gorilla Glass 4, with better damage resistance and capability to be made thinner with the same performance as its predecessor, was announced at the end of 2014.[27]

Gorilla Glass 5 was first used on the Samsung Galaxy Note 7 in 2016.[28]

Gorilla Glass SR+ was first used on the Samsung Gear S3 smartwatch in 2016.[29]

Ford Motor Company announced it will be using the material for the front and rear windshields on its Ford GT sports car beginning in 2016.[30]

Manufacture

During its manufacture, the glass is toughened by ion exchange. The material is immersed in a molten alkaline potassium salt at a temperature of approximately {{convert |400|°C|-1}},[35] wherein smaller sodium ions in the glass are replaced by larger potassium ions from the salt bath. The larger ions occupy more volume and thereby create a surface layer of high residual compressive stress, giving the glass surface increased strength, ability to contain flaws,[31] and overall crack-resistance,[32] making it resistant to damage from everyday use.[33]

Related Corning glass technologies

On October 26, 2011, Corning announced the commercial launch of Lotus Glass, designed for OLED and next-generation LCD displays.[34] The intrinsic thermal consistency of Lotus Glass allows it to retain its shape and quality during high-temperature processing. Decreased compaction and variation during the crystallization and activation step further reduce stress and distortions to the substrate. This enables tighter design rules in advanced backplanes for higher resolution and faster response time.[35] According to Corning, Gorilla Glass is specifically a cover glass for the exterior of display devices while Lotus Glass is designed as a glass substrate to be used within liquid crystal display panels. In other words, a single product could incorporate both Gorilla Glass and Lotus Glass.[36] On February 2, 2012, Corning Incorporated and Samsung Mobile Display Co., Ltd. signed an agreement to establish a new equity venture for the manufacture of specialty glass substrates for the OLED device market in Korea. The joint venture is based on Lotus Glass.[37] Lotus XT Glass became available in 2013.[38]

In 2012, Corning introduced Willow Glass,[39] a flexible glass based on borosilicate glass,[40] launched for use as a display substrate.

See also

  • List of devices with Gorilla Glass

References

1. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.physnews.com/materials-news/cluster251747226/ |title = Gorilla Glass maker unveils ultra-thin and flexible Willow Glass |work = Physics News |accessdate = 2013-11-01 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20131106075448/http://www.physnews.com/materials-news/cluster251747226/ |archivedate = 2013-11-06 |df = }}
2. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.schott.com/xensation/english/index.html |title = Xensation |publisher = Schott |accessdate = 2013-11-01 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20131103224742/http://www.schott.com/xensation/english/index.html |archivedate = 2013-11-03 |df = }}
3. ^{{cite web |url = https://www.engadget.com/2018/07/18/corning-unveils-gorilla-glass-6/ |title = Gorilla Glass 6 gives phones a better shot at surviving multiple drops |publisher = Engadget, July 19, 2018, Jon Fingas |deadurl = no}}
4. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.corninggorillaglass.com/faqs/all | work = Gorilla Glass | title = FAQs | publisher = Corning | date = March 10, 2012 | accessdate = November 1, 2013 | deadurl = no | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20131028081518/http://www.corninggorillaglass.com/faqs/all | archivedate = October 28, 2013 | df = }}
5. ^{{cite web|title=Corning Announces Transfer of Corning® Gorilla® Glass Production|url=http://www.corning.com/news_center/news_releases/2014/2014030601.aspx|publisher=Corning|accessdate=2014-07-12|date=March 6, 2014|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311093046/http://www.corning.com/news_center/news_releases/2014/2014030601.aspx|archivedate=March 11, 2014|df=}}
6. ^1 {{cite web | title = Gorilla Glass, the Smartphone's Unsung Hero | work = The New York Times | first = David | last = Pogue | date = December 9, 2010 | url = http://pogue.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/12/09/gorilla-glass-the-smartphones-unsung-hero/ | deadurl = no | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130115030748/http://pogue.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/12/09/gorilla-glass-the-smartphones-unsung-hero/ | archivedate = January 15, 2013 | df = }}
7. ^{{cite book| last= Isaacson| first= Walter| title= Steve Jobs | year= 2011|publisher= Simon & Schuster|isbn= 978-1-4516-4853-9|pages= 471–72|chapter= 36 – The iPhone: Three Revolutionary Products in One}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.idownloadblog.com/2017/05/12/corning-apple-fund/|title=Glass vendor Corning to receive $200 million from Apple’s new fund|accessdate=November 14, 2017|publisher=idownloadblog.com|quote=[In 2005,] Corning CEO Wendell Weeks gave Steve Jobs a demonstration of his company’s glass material. Jobs was impressed and decided to use Corning’s glass protection for the original iPhone, as explained in Walter Isaacson’s authorized biography of the late Apple co-founder|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171114202220/http://www.idownloadblog.com/2017/05/12/corning-apple-fund/|archivedate=November 14, 2017|df=}}
9. ^{{cite book|last=Isaacson|first=Walter|title=Walter Isaacson Great Innovators e-book boxed set: Steve Jobs, Benjamin Franklin, Einstein|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cf_2PBPP-rEC|year=2011|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=978-1-4516-7760-7|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180510234352/https://books.google.com/books?id=cf_2PBPP-rEC|archivedate=2018-05-10|df=}}
10. ^1 {{cite news|author=|title=One of the world’s oldest products faces the digital future|url=https://www.economist.com/news/science-and-technology/21730128-soon-gorilla-glass-and-its-descendants-will-be-everywhere-one-worlds|work=The Economist|date=12 October 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014001123/https://www.economist.com/news/science-and-technology/21730128-soon-gorilla-glass-and-its-descendants-will-be-everywhere-one-worlds|archivedate=14 October 2017|df=}}
11. ^{{cite press release|url=http://www.corning.com/news_center/news_releases/2008/2008020803.aspx |title=Corning Extends Fusion Process to Tackle Touch-Screen Applications |date=8 February 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080926125455/http://www.corning.com/news_center/news_releases/2008/2008020803.aspx |archivedate=26 September 2008 |df= }}
12. ^{{cite press release|url=https://www.corning.com/au/en/about-us/news-events/news-releases/2012/01/news_center_news_releases_2012_2012010901.html|title=Corning Unveils New Gorilla® Glass 2|date=9 January 2012|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227164835/https://www.corning.com/au/en/about-us/news-events/news-releases/2012/01/news_center_news_releases_2012_2012010901.html|archivedate=27 February 2017|df=}}
13. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theverge.com/2013/1/3/3833028/corning-gorilla-glass-3-announced-for-ces-2013|title=Corning Gorilla Glass 3 to be three times more scratch resistant than previous generation|publisher=The Verge|date=3 January 2013|author=Dante D'Orazio|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227231836/http://www.theverge.com/2013/1/3/3833028/corning-gorilla-glass-3-announced-for-ces-2013|archivedate=27 February 2017|df=}}
14. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.androidauthority.com/gorilla-glass-sr-wearables-713485/|title=Corning introduces Gorilla Glass SR+ for wearables|date=31 August 2016|publisher=Android Authority|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227151540/http://www.androidauthority.com/gorilla-glass-sr-wearables-713485/|archivedate=27 February 2017|df=}}
15. ^{{cite press release|url=https://www.corning.com/gorillaglass/worldwide/en/news/news-releases/2018/07/corning-introduces-corning-gorilla-glass-6.html|title=Corning Introduces Corning® Gorilla® Glass 6, Delivering Improved Durability for Next-Generation Mobile Devices|date=18 July 2018|publisher=Corning}}
16. ^1 {{cite web |url= http://www.corninggorillaglass.com/faqs/all |title= FAQs |publisher= Corning |work= Gorilla Glass |accessdate= 2001-10-08 |deadurl= no |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20101209145937/http://corninggorillaglass.com/faqs/all |archivedate= 2010-12-09 |df= }}
17. ^{{cite news |last=Nusca |first=Andrew |title=The science behind stronger display glass on your phone, computer |url=http://www.smartplanet.com/blog/smart-takes/the-science-behind-stronger-display-glass-on-your-phone-computer/2997 |accessdate=8 October 2011 |newspaper=SmartPlanet |date=December 22, 2009 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111026030448/http://www.smartplanet.com/blog/smart-takes/the-science-behind-stronger-display-glass-on-your-phone-computer/2997 |archivedate=26 October 2011 |df= }}
18. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.corninggorillaglass.com/products-with-gorilla/full-products-list |title=Full Products List |publisher=Corning |work=Gorilla Glass |accessdate=2012-01-13 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6GrkrtdQk?url=http://www.corninggorillaglass.com/products-with-gorilla/full-products-list |archivedate=2013-05-24 |df= }}
19. ^{{cite web| title = Gorilla Glass| url = http://www.corning.com/docs/specialtymaterials/pisheets/PI2317.pdf| publisher = Corning| work = Technical Materials| accessdate = 2012-02-27| page = 2| deadurl = yes| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140529230251/http://www.corning.com//docs//specialtymaterials//pisheets//PI2317.pdf| archivedate = 2014-05-29| df = }}
20. ^{{cite web |last=Ulanoff |first=Lance |title=Why Is Gorilla Glass So Strong? |url=https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2375657,00.asp |publisher=PC Magazine |date=January 12, 2011 |accessdate=February 17, 2012 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/67dAeCNSB?url=http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2375657,00.asp |archivedate=May 13, 2012 |df= }}
21. ^{{Citation | title = News release | date = Oct 24, 2012 | url = http://www.corning.com/news_center/news_releases/2012/2012102401.aspx | publisher = Corning | deadurl = no | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20121026021839/http://www.corning.com/news_center/news_releases/2012/2012102401.aspx | archivedate = 2012-10-26 | df = }}.
22. ^1 {{cite web | url = https://www.forbes.com/sites/connieguglielmo/2013/01/10/corning-after-thinning-out-gorilla-glass-makes-new-generation-tougher/ | title = Corning, After Thinning Out Gorilla Glass, Makes New Generation Tougher | work = Forbes | accessdate = 2013-11-01 | deadurl = no | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20131103041122/http://www.forbes.com/sites/connieguglielmo/2013/01/10/corning-after-thinning-out-gorilla-glass-makes-new-generation-tougher/ | archivedate = 2013-11-03 | df = }}
23. ^{{cite web | url= http://www.corninggorillaglass.com/Gorilla-Glass | title= Gorilla Glass | publisher= Corning | accessdate= 2013-11-01 | deadurl= no | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20131028200846/http://www.corninggorillaglass.com/Gorilla-Glass | archivedate= 2013-10-28 | df= }}
24. ^{{cite web |last=Lidsky |first=David |url=http://www.fastcompany.com/most-innovative-companies/2013/corning |title=Corning |work=Most innovative companies |publisher=Fast Company |date=2013-02-11 |accessdate=2013-11-01 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020222059/http://www.fastcompany.com/most-innovative-companies/2013/corning |archivedate=2013-10-20 |df= }}
25. ^{{cite web|last=Wray|first=Peter|title=Gorilla Glass 3 explained (and it is a modeling first for Corning!)|url=http://ceramics.org/ceramic-tech-today/gorilla-glass-3-explained-and-it-is-a-modeling-first-for-corning|work=Ceramic Tech Today|publisher=The American Ceramic Society|deadurl=no|archiveurl=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20140126123503/http://ceramics.org/ceramic-tech-today/gorilla-glass-3-explained-and-it-is-a-modeling-first-for-corning|archivedate=2014-01-26|df=}}
26. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.corning.com/news_center/news_releases/2014/2014010601.aspx|title=Corning Unveils World’s First Antimicrobial Cover|publisher=|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215213759/http://www.corning.com/news_center/news_releases/2014/2014010601.aspx|archivedate=2014-12-15|df=}}
27. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.corninggorillaglass.com/uploads/kcfinder/files/Corning+Gorilla+Glass+4_PI+Sheet_112414.pdf|title=Mobile Phones, Smartphones, Slates, Tablets, Notebooks, Wearables and other devices with Gorilla Glass - Corning Gorilla Glass|author=|date=|website=www.corninggorillaglass.com|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131140713/http://www.corninggorillaglass.com/uploads/kcfinder/files/Corning%20Gorilla%20Glass%204_PI%20Sheet_112414.pdf|archivedate=2016-01-31|df=}}
28. ^{{cite web |title=The Galaxy Note 7 is the first phone with Gorilla Glass 5 |url=http://www.androidcentral.com/gorilla-glass-5-makes-its-debut-galaxy-note-7 |work=androidcentral.com |accessdate=2016-09-01 |date=2016-08-02 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160828101456/http://www.androidcentral.com/gorilla-glass-5-makes-its-debut-galaxy-note-7 |archivedate=2016-08-28 |df= }}
29. ^{{cite web |title=Samsung Gear S3 watches get bigger screens and batteries |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-37234442 |work=BBC |accessdate=2016-09-01 |date=2016-08-31 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160831224206/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-37234442 |archivedate=2016-08-31 |df= }}
30. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.chron.com/business/article/Gorilla-Glass-used-for-cell-phones-is-coming-to-6700237.php |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-12-16 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151225061200/http://www.chron.com/business/article/Gorilla-Glass-used-for-cell-phones-is-coming-to-6700237.php |archivedate=2015-12-25 |df= }}
31. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.insidescience.org/content/what-stresses-gorilla-glass-makes-it-stronger/1009 |title = What Stresses Gorilla Glass Makes It Stronger |publisher = Inside Science, Sophie Bushwick, February 4, 2015 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150205015206/http://www.insidescience.org/content/what-stresses-gorilla-glass-makes-it-stronger/1009 |archivedate = February 5, 2015 |df = }}
32. ^{{Citation|title=Electronic Design - Specialty Glass: a new design element in consumer electronics|url=http://www.corninggorillaglass.com/uploads/kcfinder/files/3851E_ED_CORNING_ePrint.pdf|last1=Walton|first1=Donnell|last2=Amin|first2=Jaymin|last3=Shashdhar|first3=Naga|date=12 July 2010|format=PDF|publisher=Corning|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225125439/http://www.corninggorillaglass.com/uploads/kcfinder/files/3851E_ED_CORNING_ePrint.pdf|archivedate=25 December 2014|df=}}.
33. ^1 {{cite web |title=How It's Made: Ion-exchange process |url=http://www.corninggorillaglass.com/en/technology/how-its-made |work=Gorilla Glass |publisher=Corning |accessdate=9 December 2013 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113003806/http://corninggorillaglass.com/en/technology/how-its-made |archivedate=13 November 2014 |df= }}
34. ^{{cite web|title = Corning Unveils Corning Lotus Glass for High-Performance Displays – New composition enables OLED and next generation liquid crystal displays|publisher = Corning|date = Oct 25, 2011|url = http://www.corning.com/news_center/news_releases/2011/2011102501.aspx|deadurl = no|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120615052125/http://www.corning.com/news_center/news_releases/2011/2011102501.aspx|archivedate = 2012-06-15|df = }}
35. ^{{cite web|title=Corning Lotus Glass and Gorilla Glass 2 |publisher=Gizmo |place=CA |url=http://www.gizmocanada.com/2012/02/samsungs-corning-lotus-glass-and-gorilla-glass-2/ |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029050909/http://www.gizmocanada.com/2012/02/samsungs-corning-lotus-glass-and-gorilla-glass-2/ |archivedate=October 29, 2014 }}
36. ^{{cite web | title = Corning Lotus Glass to compliment Gorilla Glass | publisher = Smart keitai | date = October 26, 2011 | url = http://www.smartkeitai.com/corning-lotus-glass-to-succeed-gorilla-glass/ | deadurl = no | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120116153604/http://www.smartkeitai.com/corning-lotus-glass-to-succeed-gorilla-glass/ | archivedate = January 16, 2012 | df = }}
37. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.corning.com/news_center/news_releases/2012/2012020201.aspx | title = Corning and Samsung Mobile Display Form New OLED Glass Venture – New business expands Corning's long-standing collaboration with Samsung | publisher = Corning | date = 2012-02-02 | type = press release | accessdate = 2013-11-01 | deadurl = no | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20131015191322/http://www.corning.com/news_center/news_releases/2012/2012020201.aspx | archivedate = 2013-10-15 | df = }}
38. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.corning.com/displaytechnologies/en/products/lotus_xt.aspx|title=Corning: Corning Lotus XT Glass, May 2013|author=|date=|website=corning.com|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150312205418/http://www.corning.com/displaytechnologies/en/products/lotus_xt.aspx|archivedate=2015-03-12|df=}}
39. ^{{cite web| first =Jane | last = McEntegart | url = http://www.tomshardware.com/news/Gorilla-Glass-Corning-Flexible-Glass-Curved-Glass-Willow-Glass,15879.html | title= Tom's Hardware, Gorilla Glass Maker Corning Debuts Flexible Willow Glass | date = 4 June 2012 | work =Tom’s hardware | accessdate=2013-11-01}}
40. ^{{cite web| title= Willow Glass (2014 fact sheet)| type = fact sheet|publisher= Corning | url = http://www.corning.com/WorkArea/linkit.aspx?LinkIdentifier=id&ItemID=63819|year=2014}}

External links

  • {{official website }}
  • {{Citation | publisher = Corning | type = product page | url = http://www.corning.com/displaytechnologies/en/products/lotus/ | title = Lotus Glass}}.
  • {{YouTube |id=Tv1iKi3xfb4|title=Why Glass Breaks}}
{{Glass makers and brands}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Gorilla Glass}}

7 : American inventions|Materials science|Glass engineering and science|Glass applications|Glass trademarks and brands|Corning Inc.|American brands
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