| 词条 | Gotha Observatory |
| 释义 |
|name = Gotha Observatory |image = Seeberg Sternwarte.jpg |caption = Seeberg Observatory |organization = |code = |location = Gotha, Germany |coords = {{coord|50|56|0|N|10|45|0|E|display=inline,title|region:DE-BE_type:landmark_source:dewiki}} |altitude = |weather = |established = After 1787 |closed = 1934 |website = |telescope1_name = |telescope1_type = |telescope2_name = |telescope2_type = |telescope3_name = |telescope4_name = |telescope4_type = }} Gotha Observatory (Seeberg Observatory, Sternwarte Gotha or Seeberg-Sternwarte) was a German astronomical observatory located on Seeberg hill near Gotha, Thuringia, Germany.[1] Initially the observatory was dedicated to astrometry, geodetic and meteorological observation and tracking the time. The minor planet 1346 Gotha was named after the city of Gotha in recognition of the observatory.[2] HistoryPlanning for the observatory began in 1787 by the court astronomer Baron Franz Xaver von Zach, with the financing of Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg. It was based upon the Radcliffe Observatory in Oxford, England. The building was divided into five parts, with the central section holding a revolving dome. There were two wings to provide quarters for the staff.[3] During Peter Andreas Hansen's term, the observatory was dismantled and moved to a less exposed location in Gotha.[3] The observatory was closed in 1934.[5] InstrumentsAround 1800, the observatory became an international center for astronomy, being the most modern astronomical institute primarily for its instruments.[4] The instruments came from London, England, the standard place to acquire them in the 18th century.[4][5] These included an eighteen-inch quadrant, a two-foot transit instrument, three Hadley sextants, an achromatic heliometer, a two-foot achromatic refractor, a Gregorian reflector and many clocks.[4] By the start of the nineteenth century improved instrumentation was acquired from Munich, the standard place to acquire them in the 19th century:[6] consisting of a theodolite (Reichenbach, Utzschneider & Liebherr), a different heliometer (Fraunhofer), new mounting, and three-foot meridian circle (Ertel, Utzschneider & Fraunhofer). No spectroscopy or photography was performed at the observatory and the only astrophysical equipment of the observatory was a Zöllner photometer.[4] DirectorsThe observatory directors were as follows:[7]
References1. ^{{cite journal |last=Howse |first=D. |date=November 1986 |title=The Greenwich List of Observatories - a World List of Astronomical Observatories Instruments and Clocks - 1670-1850 |pages=1 |journal=Journal for the History of Astronomy |volume=17 |issue=51 |bibcode=1986JHA....17A...1H }} – see page A29. 2. ^{{cite book |first=Lutz D. |last=Schmadel |date=2003 |title=Dictionary of minor planet names |page=109 |edition=5th |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-540-00238-3}} 3. ^1 {{cite journal |last=Armitage |first=A. |date=1949| title=Baron von Zach and his astronomical correspondence |journal=Popular Astronomy | volume=57 |pages=326–332 |bibcode=1949PA.....57..326A }} 4. ^1 2 3 {{Cite journal|url=http://www.astro.uni-bonn.de/~pbrosche/aa/acta/vol03/acta03_089.html|title=Gotha - the instruments of the observatory|journal=Acta Historica Astronomiae|volume=3|pages=89|last=Wolfschmidt|first=Gudrun|date=2005|accessdate=2009-05-16|bibcode=1998AcHA....3...89W}} 5. ^{{cite book|last=Barton|first=William|title=Memoirs of the Life of David Rittenhouse|publisher=E. Parker|date=1813|pages=130|isbn=978-1-146-88042-8}} 6. ^1 {{cite journal|last=Wolfschmidt |first=Gudrun|title=Gotha - the instruments of the observatory |journal=Acta Historica Astronomiae |volume=3 | pages=89–90 |bibcode=1998AcHA....3...89W|date=1998 }} 7. ^{{cite book |author=Taylor, Marie Hansen |author2=Kiliani, Lilian Bayard Taylor | title=On two continents: memories of half a century |publisher=Doubleday, Page & company |date=1905 |page=4 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=IIwPAAAAMAAJ |accessdate=2009-05-12 |isbn=978-0-548-98711-7}} 8. ^1 {{cite journal|date=1921|journal=Nature|title=Calendar of Scientific Pioneers |pages=124|url=https://books.google.com/?id=pLMCAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA124&dq=%22Gotha+Observatory%22|accessdate=April 15, 2009 | doi=10.1038/107124a0|last1=S.|first1=E. C.|volume=107|issue=2682 |bibcode = 1921Natur.107..124E }} 9. ^{{cite book|author=Royal Astronomical Society|title=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|publisher=Blackwell Scientific Publications|date=1897|pages=224|title-link=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society}} 10. ^{{cite book|last=Macpherson|first=Hector|title=Astronomers of to-day and their work|publisher=Gall & Inglis|date=1905|pages=180}} 3 : Astronomical observatories in Germany|Gotha|1934 disestablishments in Germany |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。