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词条 GPS Block IIF
释义

  1. New characteristics

  2. Launch history

  3. See also

  4. References

{{Use American English|date=March 2014}}{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2014}}{{Infobox spacecraft class
| image = Navstar-2F.jpg
| caption = Artist's impression of a Block IIF GPS satellite in orbit
| name = GPS Block IIF
| manufacturer = Boeing
| country = {{USA}}
| bus = AS-4000{{Verify source|date=November 2018}}
| applications = Satellite navigation
| orbits = Semi-synchronous MEO
| operator = United States Air Force
| lifetime = 12 years
| derivedfrom =
| derivatives =
| Preceded = GPS Block IIR
| Succeeded = GPS Block IIIA
| status = Production Completed
| built = 12
| orders = 0
| launched = 12
| operational = 12
| retired =
| failed =
| lost =
| first = GPS IIF SV-1
{{nowrap|28 May 2010, 03:00 UTC}}
| last = GPS IIF-12
{{nowrap|5 February 2016, 13:38 UTC}}
| lastretired =
| mass = {{convert|1633|kg}}[1] |autoconvert = off
| power = 1952 W (end of life)[1]
| batteries =
| equipment =
}}

GPS Block IIF, or GPS IIF is an interim class of GPS (satellite), which are used to keep the Navstar Global Positioning System operational until the GPS Block IIIA satellites become operational. They are being built by Boeing, and will be operated by the United States Air Force following their launch by United Launch Alliance, using Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicles.[2] They are the final component of the Block II GPS constellation to be launched. On February 5, 2016, the final satellite in the IIF-block was successfully launched, completing the block.

The spacecraft have a mass of {{convert|1630|kg}} and a design life of 12 years. Like earlier GPS satellites, Block IIF spacecraft operate in semi-synchronous medium Earth orbits, with an altitude of approximately {{convert|20460|km|sp=us}}, and an orbital period of twelve hours.

The satellites replace the GPS Block IIA satellites that were launched between 1990 and 1997 and were designed to last 7.5 years.[3] The final satellite of the Block IIA series was decommissioned on January 25, 2016.[4] The operational constellation now includes Block IIR, IIRM and IIF variants.

Because the Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicles are more powerful than the Delta II, which was used to orbit earlier Block II GPS satellites, they can place the satellites directly into their operational orbits. As a result, Block IIF satellites do not carry apogee kick motors. The original contract for Block IIF, signed in 1996, called for 33 spacecraft. This was later reduced to 12, and program delays and technical problems pushed the first launch from 2006 to 2010.[5]

New characteristics

  • Broadcasting L5 "safety of life" navigation signal demonstrated on USA-203[3]
  • Broadcasting a new M-code signal[3]
  • Doubling in the predicted accuracy[9]
  • Better resistance to jamming[3]
  • Reprogrammable processors that can receive software uploads[3]
  • The first GPS satellites not to have Selective Availability (SA) hardware installed, which degraded civilian accuracy when turned on in the original satellite fleet[3]

Launch history

Overall, 12 GPS Block IIF satellites were launched, all of which are currently operational.

GPS Block IIF satellites
SatelliteUSA designationLaunch Date
(UTC)		RocketLaunch SiteStatusNotesRef.
GPS IIF-1USA-21328 May 2010, 03:00Delta IV-M+(4,2), D349Cape Canaveral SLC-37BIn Service}}[6][7][8]
GPS IIF-2USA-23216 July 2011, 06:41Delta IV-M+(4,2), D355Cape Canaveral SLC-37BIn Service}}[9]
GPS IIF-3USA-2394 October 2012, 12:10Delta IV-M+(4,2), D361Cape Canaveral SLC-37BIn Service}}This launch came shortly before the 10th anniversary of the inaugural Delta IV launch.[10]
GPS IIF-4USA-24215 May 2013, 21:38Atlas V 401, AV-039Cape Canaveral SLC-41In Service}}[11][12]
GPS IIF-5USA-24825 February 2014, 01:59Delta IV-M+(4,2), D365Cape Canaveral SLC-37BIn Service}}[13]
GPS IIF-6USA-25117 May 2014, 00:03Delta IV-M+(4,2), D366Cape Canaveral SLC-37BIn Service}}[14]
GPS IIF-7USA-2562 August 2014, 03:23Atlas V 401, AV-048Cape Canaveral SLC-41In Service}}[15][16]
GPS IIF-8USA-25829 October 2014, 17:21Atlas V 401, AV-050Cape Canaveral SLC-41In Service}}[17][18]
GPS IIF-9USA-26025 March 2015, 18:36Delta IV-M+(4,2), D371Cape Canaveral SLC-37BIn Service}}[19]
GPS IIF-10USA-26215 July 2015, 15:36Atlas V 401, AV-055Cape Canaveral SLC-41In Service}}[15]
GPS IIF-11USA-26531 October 2015, 16:13Atlas V 401, AV-060Cape Canaveral SLC-41In Service}}[15][20]
GPS IIF-12USA-2665 February 2016, 13:38Atlas V 401, AV-057Cape Canaveral SLC-41In Service}}[15][21]

See also

{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
  • BeiDou Navigation Satellite System
  • BeiDou-2 (COMPASS) navigation system
  • Galileo (satellite navigation)
  • GLONASS
  • Quasi-Zenith Satellite System

References

1. ^1 {{cite web|title=Global Positioning System|url=http://www.boeing.com/space/global-positioning-system/|publisher=Boeing|accessdate=6 May 2016}}
2. ^{{cite web|title=Global Positioning System (GPS) IIF|url=http://www.boeing.com/defense-space/space/gps/index.html|publisher=Boeing|accessdate=27 May 2010}}
3. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|url=http://www.dailytech.com/First+Block+2F+GPS+Satellite+Launched+Needed+to+Prevent+System+Failure/article18483.htm |title=First Block 2F GPS Satellite Launched, Needed to Prevent System Failure |publisher=DailyTech |date= |accessdate=2010-05-30}}
4. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/?Do=constellationStatus | title=GPS CONSTELLATION STATUS | work=U.S. Coast Guard Navigation Center | accessdate=25 January 2016}}
5. ^{{cite web |last=Pike |first=John |title=GPS Block II F |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/space/systems/gps_2f.htm |publisher=Globalsecurity.org |accessdate=27 May 2010}}
6. ^1 {{cite web |title=Mission Overview |url=http://www.ulalaunch.com/uploads/docs/Mission_Booklets/DIV/div_gpsiifsv1_mob.pdf|work=Delta IV Launches GPS IIF SV-1 |publisher=United Launch Alliance |date=28 May 2010 |accessdate=29 October 2015}}
7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.space.com/missionlaunches/air-force-new-gps-satellite-launch-100527.html |title=Air Force Launches Advanced New GPS Satellite |author=Tariq Malik |publisher=SPACE.com |date=28 May 2010}}
8. ^{{cite web|title=ULA Marks Delta 50th Anniversary with Successful Delta IV GPS IIF SV-1 Launch|url=http://www.ulalaunch.com/ula-marks-delta-50th-anniversary-with.aspx?archived=True&Category=2|publisher=United Launch Alliance|date=28 May 2010|accessdate=29 October 2015}}
9. ^{{cite web |title=United Launch Alliance Marks the 50th Successful GPS Launch for the Air Force with the Delivery of the GPS IIF-2 Mission to Orbit |url=http://www.ulalaunch.com/united-launch-alliance-marks-the-50th.aspx?&archived=True&Category=2 |publisher=United Launch Alliance |date=16 July 2011 |accessdate=29 October 2015}}
10. ^{{cite web|title=United Launch Alliance GPS IIF-3 |url=http://www.ulalaunch.com/site/pages/News.shtml#/121/ |publisher=United Launch Alliance |accessdate=8 October 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121001031817/http://www.ulalaunch.com/site/pages/News.shtml |archivedate=October 1, 2012 }}
11. ^{{cite web |title=ULA Atlas V sets sail with new GPS satellite |url=http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2013/05/ula-atlas-v-launch-new-gps-satellite/ |publisher=NASA Space Flight |date=15 May 2013 |accessdate=15 May 2013}}
12. ^{{cite web |title=Orbit Data and Resources on Active GNSS Satellites |url=http://gpsworld.com/the-almanac/ |publisher=GPS World |accessdate=6 March 2014}}
13. ^{{cite web|title=United Launch Alliance Successfully Launches 25th Delta IV Mission Carrying Global Positioning System Satellite for the U.S. Air Force |url=http://www.ulalaunch.com/site/pages/News.shtml#/167 |publisher=United Launch Alliance |accessdate=6 March 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209085410/http://www.ulalaunch.com/site/pages/News.shtml |archivedate=February 9, 2014 }}
14. ^{{cite web | title = Sixth GPS IIF Spacecraft Launches | url = http://www.insidegnss.com/node/4008 | work = Inside GNSS | publisher = Gibbons Media & Research LLC. |date=17 May 2014}}
15. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=http://www.boeing.com/boeing/defense-space/space/bss/launch/launch_sched.page |title=Boeing Satellite Launch Schedule |publisher=Boeing |accessdate=17 May 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611071855/http://www.boeing.com/boeing/defense-space/space/bss/launch/launch_sched.page |archivedate=June 11, 2014 |df=mdy-all }}
16. ^{{cite web|title=Atlas V to Launch GPS IIF-7|url=http://www.ulalaunch.com/atlas-v-to-launch-gps-iif7.aspx?title=Atlas+V+to+Launch+GPS+IIF-7|publisher=United Launch Alliance|accessdate=2 August 2014}}
17. ^{{cite web |title=Atlas V successfully vaults satellite to orbit |url=http://www.floridatoday.com/story/tech/science/space/2014/08/02/ula-atlas-v-blasts-off-cape-canaveral-gps-satellite/13502135/ |publisher=Florida Today |date= 2 August 2014|accessdate=29 October 2015}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/?Do=gpsShowNanu&num=2014090|title=NOTICE ADVISORY TO NAVSTAR USERS (NANU) 2014090|publisher=United States Coast Guard|date=12 December 2014|accessdate=29 October 2015}}
19. ^{{cite web | title = United Launch Alliance GPS IIF-9 | url = http://www.ulalaunch.com/uploads/docs/Mission_Booklets/DIV/div_gpsiif9_mob.pdf |accessdate=25 March 2015}}
20. ^{{cite web|title=Atlas V to Launch GPS IIF-11|url=http://spaceflightnow.com/2015/10/29/av-060-journal/|date=31 October 2015|accessdate=31 October 2015}}
21. ^{{cite web | title = New GPS satellite begins transmitting to users around the globe | url = http://spaceflightnow.com/2016/03/09/new-gps-satellite-begins-transmitting-to-users-around-the-globe/ |accessdate=9 March 2016}}
{{GPS satellites}}

1 : Global Positioning System
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