“Graben von Stein”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Graben von (zum) Stein,^[1] also named ab dem Graben, von (dem) Graben and vom Graben,^[2] is the name of an old Austrian noble family. Originally from Carniola, an apparent (or illegitimate) branch of the House of Meinhardin,^[3]^[4] the family went on to rule some Carinthian, Tyrolian, East Tyrols, Styrian, Gorizian and modern Italian districts as Burggrafen (a sort of viscount) and Herren (lords) from the early Middle Ages until the 16th-17th centuries.

History

Like the Princely Counts of Görz and the Princely Counts of Tyrol, the Graben family descended from the Meinhardins. The earliest known members of the Graben family, Konrad and his brother Grimoald von Graben, lived around 1170. Konrad's father may have been a son of Count palatine Engelbert I or his younger brother Count palatine Meinhard I of Gorizia.^[5]^[6] During the later 13th century the princely family Orsini-Rosenberg descended from a member of the Von Graben family lived at the Grazer Schloss Alt-Grabenhofen, between Reinerkogel and Rosenberg.^[7]

During the Middle Ages, the success of that family arose from the steady accumulation of land, and loyalty to the Counts of Görz and later to the Habsburg Emperor. The first prominent member of the family was Ulrich II von Graben (named between 1314–1361), who was elevated to the Styrian title of Burggraf of Hohenwang. After the death of Leonhard of Gorizia in 1500, they became his successors as stadtholders of Lienz and East Tyrol. The last member was Felix Jakob von Graben; the family died out in 1776. The Dutch family De Graeff claimed descent from Wolfgang von Graben, a member of the Graben family. Andries de Graeff and his son Cornelis became Free Imperial knights of the Holy Roman Empire. That diploma dates from 19 July 1677.^[8]

The lines of the family

During the early 14th century, the family split into two main lines, the Styrian Grabenhofen Line, the Kornberger Line and during the earlier 15th century in the Carynthian-Lienzer Sommeregger Line.^[9] In 1500, the family split into a new line, the Stein Line at Castle Stein. Two other lines of the Graben family can be found in Tyrol.

Prominent members of the Styrian line

The Styrian line's residence between 1328 and 1556 was at Schloss Kornberg. They were linked by marriage with the Lords of Windisch-Graetz,^[10] Auersperg,^[11] Stubenberg,^[12] and Guttenberg.^[13]

Prominent member of the Tyrolian line

Prominent members of the Lienzer and West-Carynthian line

The Lienzer line became "the most prominent of the family", some family members held the noble titles as the Burggraf of Sommeregg, Heinfels and Lienz. They were linked by marriage with the Lords of Auersperg,^[11] Saurau^[14] and Breuner.^[15] The Lienzer line died out in the year 1534, and the zum Stein in 1664. Important family members are:

Castles, residences and lordships

See also

Notes

1. ^Lukas von Graben zum Stein changed his name from von Graben into (von) Graben von (zum) Stein in 1500
2. ^In Upper Carynthia and East Tyrol, they are called generally vom Graben. [https://books.google.com/books?id=frhZAAAAIAAJ&q=andr%C3%A4+von+graben&dq=andr%C3%A4+von+graben&hl=de&ei=au9cTIXpFsaR4gaN5KzqBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwADgK Die Salzburger Lehen in Kärnten bis 1520]
3. ^Rudolf Granichstaedten-Czerva (1948): "Brixen - Reichsfürstentum und Hofstaat".
4. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=kboAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA149&lpg=PA149&dq=herren+von+graben+lienz&source=bl&ots=6qqv3KdndC&sig=D-dsmd1IwuNSKUqv0B8-8vShYDQ&hl=de&ei=A127SvGPPJGomgOewe2tDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4#v=onepage&q=herren%20von%20graben%20lienz&f=false Google book search: Das Land Tirol: mit einem Anhange: Vorarlberg: ein Handbuch für Reisende. Von Beda Weber]
5. ^Johann Weichard Freiherr von Valvasor: Die Ehre dess Hertzogthums Crain: das ist, Wahre, gründliche, und recht eigendliche Belegen- und Beschaffenheit dieses Römisch-Keyserlichen herrlichen Erblandes; Laybach (Ljubljana) 1689
6. ^Adalbert Sikora: Die Herren vom Graben in Zeitschrift des historischen Vereines für Steiermark. 51. Jahrgang, Graz 1960, p 43
7. ^Collegium Res Nobilis Austriae: Orsini und Rosenberg {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303181949/http://www.coresno.com/adelslexikon/61-kategorie-beitraege/3260-lex-orsini-rosenberg.html |date=2016-03-03 }}
8. ^Family De Graeff at the Nieuw Nederlandsch Biographisch Woordenboek, part II
9. ^[https://books.google.com/books?ei=hfNcTNmTM5CNOPDg7bwJ&ct=result&id=YGciAQAAIAAJ&dq=von+graben++kornberg&q=von+graben+#search_anchor Google book search: Kaiser Friedrich III. (1440-1493): Hof, Regierung und Politik]
10. ^Roots web: Adelheid von Wolfsthal
11. ^¹{{cite web |last=Marek |first=Miroslav |url=http://genealogy.euweb.cz/auersperg/auersperg1.html |title= Genealogy of the House of Auersperg |publisher= Genealogy.EU}}{{Self-published source|date=August 2012}}{{Better source|date=August 2012}}
12. ^Das Archiv des Hauses Stubenberg: Supplement
13. ^[https://books.google.com/books?ei=7UsgTdWGHYWn8QPQzfnkBQ&ct=result&id=KZYrAQAAIAAJ&dq=von+guttenberg+rosina+von+graben&q=ulrich+III.+von+graben#search_anchor Genealogie der Freiherren von Guttenberg, S. 78]
14. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=fD0TAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA80&lpg=RA1-PA80&dq=rosina+von+graben++von+rain&source=bl&ots=gOdNVxUKfh&sig=L3z56wOYyXCz4fBcWW4otY42frg&hl=de&ei=pku9SvfWKebRjAfnh5l8&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3#v=onepage&q=ulrich%20von%20graben&f=false Google book search: Schauplatz des landsässigen nieder-oesterreichischen Adels vom Herren- und Ritterstande. Band 1. Von Franz Karl Wissgrill und Karl von Odelga (Ulrich von Graben and Barbara von Auersperg)]
15. ^{{cite web |last=Marek |first=Miroslav |url=http://genealogy.euweb.cz/austria/breunner0.html#S |title= Genealogy of the House of Breuner |publisher= Genealogy.EU}}{{Self-published source|date=August 2012}}{{Better source|date=August 2012}}