| 词条 | Grace Lee Boggs |
| 释义 |
| name = Grace Lee Boggs | image = Grace Lee Boggs 2012.jpg | alt = | caption = Boggs at her home in Detroit in 2012 | birth_name = Grace Chin Lee[1][1] | birth_date = {{birth date|1915|6|27}} | birth_place = Providence, Rhode Island | death_date = {{nowrap|{{death date and age|2015|10|5|1915|6|27}}}} | death_place = Detroit, Michigan | nationality = | other_names = | known_for = | occupation = Writer, social activist, philosopher, and feminist |party = {{unbulleted list |Workers Party {{font|size=95%|(1941–1947)}} |Socialist Workers Party {{font|size=95%|(1947–1951)}} |Correspondence Publishing Committee {{font|size=95%| (1951– 1962)}}[2]}} |movement = Johnson–Forest Tendency {{font|size=95%|(1941–1951)}} | education = Barnard College (B.A., 1935) Bryn Mawr College (Ph.D., 1940) | spouse = James Boggs (1953–93, his death) [3] | parents = Chin Lee (father; b.1870; d.1965) Yin Lan Lee (mother; b. 1890; d. 1978) [4][6] | relatives = Katherine (sister) Edward (brother; b. 1920) Philip (brother) Robert (brother) Harry (brother; b. 1918) [6] | residence = Detroit, Michigan }} Grace Lee Boggs (June 27, 1915 – October 5, 2015) was an American author, social activist, philosopher and feminist.[5] She is known for her years of political collaboration with C. L. R. James and Raya Dunayevskaya in the 1940s and 1950s.[6] In the 1960s she and James Boggs, her husband of some forty years (he died in 1993), took their own political direction.[7] By 1998, she had written four books, including an autobiography. In 2011, still active at the age of 95, she wrote a fifth book, The Next American Revolution: Sustainable Activism for the Twenty-First Century, with Scott Kurashige and published by the University of California Press. Early life and educationBoggs was born on June 27, 1915, in Providence, Rhode Island, above her father's restaurant. Her Chinese given name was Yu Ping (玉平), meaning "Jade Peace." She was the daughter of Chin Lee (1870–1965), originally from Toishan in China,[8] and Yin Lan, his second wife, who would become an early feminist role model for Boggs. Lee’s first wife was unable to give birth to sons and so he left her for a younger woman.[9] Yin Lan was born into the Ng family who were so poor that her uncle sold Yin into slavery, but she escaped. That same uncle arranged the marriage of Boggs’s parents. Her father migrated to the United States with his second wife, landing in Seattle, Washington, in 1911.[10] On a scholarship, Boggs went on to study at Barnard College, where she was influenced by Kant and Hegel. She graduated in 1935 and in 1940 received her Ph.D. in philosophy from Bryn Mawr College, where she wrote her dissertation. CareerFacing significant barriers in the academic world in the 1940s, she took a low-paying job at the University of Chicago Philosophy Library. As a result of their activism on tenants' rights, she joined the far-left Workers Party, known for its Third Camp position regarding the Soviet Union, which it saw as bureaucratic collectivist. At this point, she began the trajectory that she would follow for the rest of her life: a focus on struggles in the African-American community.[11] She met C. L. R. James during a speaking engagement in Chicago and moved to New York. She met many activists and cultural figures such as author Richard Wright and dancer Katharine Dunham. She also translated into English many of the essays in Karl Marx's Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844 for the first time. She soon joined the Johnson–Forest Tendency led by James, Raya Dunayevskaya and Lee. They focused more centrally on marginalized groups such as women, people of color and youth as well as breaking with the notion of the vanguard party. While originally operating as a tendency of the Workers Party, they briefly rejoined the Socialist Workers Party before leaving the Trotskyist left entirely. The Johnson–Forest Tendency also characterized the USSR as State Capitalist. She wrote for the Johnson–Forest Tendency under the party pseudonym Ria Stone. She married African-American auto worker and political activist James Boggs in 1953. That same year moved to Detroit, where they continued to focus on Civil Rights and Black Power Movement activism. As scholar Brian Doucet articulates in his interview conducted with Boggs in 2014, "Living in Detroit influenced the Boggs’ thinking on the role of automation, capital flight, and racism."[12] Boggs helped found the Detroit Asian Political Alliance in 1970.[13] When C. L. R. James and Raya Dunayevskaya split in the mid-1950s into Correspondence Publishing Committee led by James and News and Letters led by Dunayevskaya, Grace and James supported Correspondence Publishing Committee that James tried to advise while in exile in Britain. In 1962 the Boggses broke with James and continued Correspondence Publishing Committee along with Lyman Paine and Freddy Paine, while James' supporters, such as Martin Glaberman, continued on as a new if short-lived organization, Facing Reality. The ideas that formed the basis for the 1962 split can be seen as reflected in James Boggs's book, The American Revolution: Pages from a Black Worker's Notebook. Grace unsuccessfully attempted to convince Malcolm X to run for the United States Senate in 1964. In these years, Boggs wrote a number of books, including Revolution and Evolution in the Twentieth Century with her husband and focused on community activism in Detroit where she became a widely known activist. In the introduction to an extensive interview, scholar Karín Aguilar-San Juan describes one aspect of Boggs' activism: "Although she believes that racial and gender inequality will always demand struggle, Grace remains adamant that civil- rights- based activism will not lead to the farreaching changes in society that a higher state of human evolution requires." She goes on to explain that Boggs' "political path" has been "guided by her study of global and historical change, hand- in- hand with daily participation in and observation of the struggles of people at the grassroots level." In this interview Boggs discusses her relationship to her Asian American heritage, her experience with the Black Power movement, and many other topics.[14] She founded Detroit Summer, a multicultural intergenerational youth program, in 1992 and was the recipient of numerous awards. Additionally, Boggs’ home in Detroit also serves as headquarters for the Boggs Center to Nurture Community Leadership. The Boggs Center was founded in the early 1990s by friends of Grace Lee and James Boggs and continues to be a hub for community-based projects, grassroots organizing, and social activism both locally and nationally.[15] Her autobiography, Living for Change, was published in 1998. As late as 2005, she continued to write a column for the Michigan Citizen newspaper, and her book The Next American Revolution: Sustainable Activism for the Twenty-First Century was published in 2011. Her life is the subject of the documentary film The Evolution of Grace Lee Boggs (2013), produced and directed by the American filmmaker Grace Lee.[16] In 2014, The Social Justice Hub at The New School's newly opened University Center was named the Baldwin Rivera Boggs Center after activists James Baldwin, Sylvia Rivera, and Grace Lee Boggs. She participated in the Conference on Activism, Ethnic Studies, Diaspora and Beyond held at Northwestern University in 2005, which was later reprinted in CR: New Centennial Review.[17] Her speech "On Revolution: A Conversation Between Grace Lee Boggs and Angela Davis" held on March 2, 2012 at the Pauley Ballroom , University of California, was excerpted in the journal Race, Poverty & the Environment.[18] After turning 100 in June 2015,[19] Boggs died on October 5, 2015.[20] The dual biography In Love And Struggle: The Revolutionary Lives of James and Grace Lee Boggs, by Stephen M. Ward, was published in 2016.[21] Bibliography
See also
References1. ^Cf. Library of Congress catalog entry for Lee, Grace Chin. George Herbert Mead, New York, King's crown press, 1945. 2. ^Powell, C. "In Love and Struggle: The Revolutionary Lives of James and Grace Lee Boggs by Stephen M. Ward (review)." Labour / Le Travail, vol. 80, 2017, pp. 343-346. Project MUSE, doi:10.1353/llt.2017.0069 3. ^1 Ward, Stephen M. (editor), [https://books.google.com/books?id=rnZ6r7nh_XwC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false Pages from a Black Radical's Notebook: A James Boggs Reader], Wayne State University Press, 2011. 4. ^Cooper, Desiree, "Activist Boggs learned from mom's regrets", Detroit Free Press, March 9, 2006. 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.metrotimes.com/Blogs/archives/2015/10/05/grace-lee-boggs-dead-at-100|title=Grace Lee Boggs dead at 100 |author= Michael Jackman |date=October 5, 2015|work=Metro Times|accessdate=October 5, 2015}} 6. ^{{cite journal|last=Aguirre Jr.|first=Adalberto|first2=Shoon|last2=Lio|title=Spaces of Mobilization: The Asian American/Pacific Islander Struggle for Social Justice|journal=Social Justice|date=2008|volume=35|series=Asian American & Pacific Islander Population Struggles for Social Justice|issue=2|pages=1–17|jstor=29768485}} 7. ^Elaine Latzman Moon,[https://detroithistorical.org/shop/local-history-books/untold-tales-unsung-heroes-oral-history-detroit%E2%80%99s-african-american "Untold Tales, Unsung Heroes: An Oral History of Detroit's African American Community 1918–1967"], Wayne State University Press, p. 156. Retrieved July 1, 2014. 8. ^1 2 Boggs, Grace Lee, Living for Change: An Autobiography, Minneapolis: The University of Minnesota, 1998, {{ISBN|0-8166-2954-4}}. 9. ^{{cite book|last1=Boggs|title=Living for Change|publisher=|location=|date=1998|isbn=|page=3}} 10. ^{{cite book|last1=Boggs|title=Living for Change|publisher=|location=|isbn=|date=1998|page=1}} 11. ^{{cite book|editor=Gay, Kathlyn|title=American Dissidents: An Encyclopedia of Activists, Subversives, and Prisoners of Conscience, Volume 1.|date=2013|publisher=ABC-CLIO|location=Santa Barbara, California|isbn=9781598847642|pages=71–73|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZzQVpPvlVMcC&lpg=PA74&dq=grace%20lee%20boggs&pg=PA72#v=onepage&q=grace%20lee%20boggs&f=false}} 12. ^{{Cite book|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1t896c9|title=Why Detroit matters: Decline, renewal and hope in a divided city. Ch 25, "Grace Lee Boggs, Activist."|last=|first=|date=2017|publisher=Bristol University Press|isbn=|editor-last=Doucet|editor-first=Brian|edition=1|location=|pages=}} 13. ^{{Cite journal|last=Juan|first=Karín Aguilar-San|date=2015|title="We Are Extraordinarily Lucky to Be Living in These Times": A Conversation with Grace Lee Boggs|journal=Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies|volume=36|issue=2|pages=92–123|doi=10.5250/fronjwomestud.36.2.0092|jstor=10.5250/fronjwomestud.36.2.0092}} 14. ^{{Cite journal|last=Juan|first=Karín Aguilar-San|date=2015|title="We Are Extraordinarily Lucky to Be Living in These Times": A Conversation with Grace Lee Boggs|journal=Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies|volume=36|issue=2|pages=92–123|doi=10.5250/fronjwomestud.36.2.0092|jstor=10.5250/fronjwomestud.36.2.0092}} 15. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.onbeing.org/program/becoming-detroit/transcript/5836|title= Grace Lee Boggs – A Century in the World|website= On Being with Krista Tippett|accessdate= September 3, 2015|deadurl= yes|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20150905174253/http://www.onbeing.org/program/becoming-detroit/transcript/5836|archivedate= September 5, 2015|df= }} 16. ^American Revolutionary: The Evolution of Grace Lee Boggs website. 17. ^{{Cite journal|last=Boggs|first=Grace Lee|date=2006|title=Nothing Is More Important than Thinking Dialectically|journal=CR: The New Centennial Review|volume=6|issue=2|pages=1–6|jstor=41949519|doi=10.1353/ncr.2007.0001}} 18. ^{{Cite journal|last=Boggs|first=Grace Lee|date=2012|title=Reimagine Everything|journal=Race, Poverty & the Environment|volume=19|issue=2|pages=44–45|jstor=41806667}} 19. ^{{cite news|last = Chow|first = Kat|title = Grace Lee Boggs, Activist And American Revolutionary, Turns 100|publisher = NPR|date =June 27, 2015|url = https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2015/06/27/417175523/grace-lee-boggs-activist-and-american-revolutionary-turns-100|accessdate = June 29, 2015}} 20. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/detroit-city/2015/10/05/grace-lee-boggs/73386940/ |title=Detroit activist Grace Lee Boggs dies at 100 |first=Michael H. |last=Hodges |work=The Detroit News |date=October 5, 2015}} 21. ^Ibram X. Kendi, "In Love And Struggle: A New Book On James And Grace Lee Boggs", AAIHA, November 15, 2016. Further reading
|video1= Grace Lee Boggs interviewed on Democracy Now!, January 20, 2008 |video2= [https://www.pbs.org/moyers/journal/06152007/profile2.html Grace Lee Boggs interviewed by Bill Moyers], June 15, 2007 |video3 = Boggs on the Financial Meltdown and Social Change – video report by Democracy Now! |video4 = "The Only Way to Survive is By Taking Care of One Another" – video report by Democracy Now! }} External links{{Commons category}}{{Wikiquote}}
25 : 1915 births|2015 deaths|20th-century American non-fiction writers|20th-century American women writers|21st-century American non-fiction writers|21st-century American women writers|Activists for African-American civil rights|American centenarians|American Marxists|American memoirists|American political writers|American socialists|American women activists|American women's rights activists|American writers of Chinese descent|Anti-racism activists|Barnard College alumni|Chinese-American feminists|Chinese-American movement activists|Michigan socialists|Rhode Island socialists|Women memoirists|Writers from Detroit|Writers from Providence, Rhode Island|American women non-fiction writers |
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