| 词条 | Grahame-White Ganymede | |||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Grahame-White Ganymede was a prototype British heavy night bomber intended to serve with the Royal Air Force in the First World War. A large, three-engined, twin-boom biplane, the sole prototype Ganymede did not fly until after the war had ended, and although an attempt was made to convert the aircraft to an airliner, it was unsuccessful. Development and designIn 1918, the Grahame-White Aviation Company of Hendon, London developed a large, long-range heavy bomber intended to equip the Royal Air Force. The resulting design, the E.IV Ganymede, was of unusual layout, being a three-engined, twin-boom biplane with four-bay wings.[1] Two of the engines were located at the front of the booms, driving tractor propellers, while the third engine was installed at the rear of the central nacelle, driving a pusher propeller. A biplane tail unit with three fins and rudders spanned the gap between the two main fuselage booms.[2] The two pilots and a bomb-aimer/gunner were accommodated in the central nacelle, while additional gunners cockpits were provided in each of the fuselage booms, with Scarff ring mountings for a machine gun together with a tunnel opening under the fuselages to allow the gunners to repel attacks from below.[3][4] It was intended that the Ganymede be powered by three 400 hp (298 kW) Liberty engine, but concerns about the availability of the American-built Liberty resulted in considerably less powerful Sunbeam Maori engines being specified when an order was placed for three prototypes. The first of these prototypes, serial number C3481 was completed late in 1918. While it was tested by the Air Ministry during 1919, the RAF had little interest in purchasing a new heavy bomber, and the remaining two prototypes were cancelled. After being damaged in a landing accident in 1919, Grahame-White rebuilt the Ganymede into a civil airliner, becoming the E.9 Ganymede. The central engine was removed completely, while the two remaining engines were replaced by 450 hp (336 kW) Napier Lions. The nacelle was rebuilt with two pilots in an open cockpit ahead of a glazed cabin housing 12 passengers. The modified aircraft was granted a Certificate of Airworthiness on 12 September 1919, with the Aircraft registration G-EAMW, but was destroyed in a fire in September 1920.[5] Specifications (Bomber){{aircraft specifications|plane or copter?=plane |jet or prop?=prop |ref=The British Bomber since 1914 [6] |crew=Five |capacity= |length main=49 ft 9 in |length alt=15.17 m |span main=89 ft 3 in |span alt=27.21 m |height main=16 ft 0 in |height alt=4.88 m |area main=1,660 ft² |area alt=154.3 m² |airfoil= |empty weight main=11,500 lb |empty weight alt=5,227 kg |loaded weight main= 16,000 lb |loaded weight alt= 7,273 kg |useful load main= |useful load alt= |max takeoff weight main= |max takeoff weight alt= |more general= |engine (prop)=Sunbeam Maori |type of prop=water-cooled V12 engine |number of props=3 |power main=270 hp |power alt=201 kW |power original= |max speed main=105 mph |max speed alt=91 knots, 169 km/h |max speed more= at sea level |cruise speed main= |cruise speed alt= |never exceed speed main= |never exceed speed alt= |stall speed main= |stall speed alt= |range main= |range alt= |ceiling main= |ceiling alt= |climb rate main= |climb rate alt= |loading main=9.64 lb/ft² |loading alt=51.8 kg/m² |thrust/weight= |power/mass main=0.051 hp/lb |power/mass alt=0.083 kW/kg |more performance=
|guns=3x .303 in (7.7 mm) Lewis guns, One in nose of central nacelle and one in each outer fuselage |bombs=Bombload unknown |avionics= }} See also{{aircontent|related= |similar aircraft=*Caproni Ca.1
|lists= |see also= }} Notes1. ^Grahame-White E.IV-Ganymede at aircraft-catalog.com Accessed 13 March 2017 2. ^Grahame-White E.IV-Ganymede at flyingmachines.ru Accessed 13 March 2017 3. ^Mason 1994, p.125. 4. ^Bruce 1957, pp.264-265. 5. ^Jackson 1973, p.317. 6. ^Mason 1994, p.126. References{{refbegin}}
5 : British bomber aircraft 1910–1919|Grahame-White aircraft|Three-engined push-pull aircraft|Twin-boom aircraft|Biplanes |
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