“Gravitomagnetic clock effect”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

In physics, the gravitomagnetic clock effect is a deviation from Kepler's third law that, according to the weak-field and slow-motion approximation of general relativity, will be suffered by a particle in orbit around a (slowly) spinning body, such as a typical planet or star.

Explanation

According to general relativity, in its weak-field and slow-motion linearized approximation, a slowly spinning body induces an additional component of the gravitational field that acts on a freely-falling test particle with a non-central, gravitomagnetic Lorentz-like force.

Among its consequences on the particle's orbital motion there is a small correction to Kepler's third law, namely

where T_Kep is the particle's period, M is the mass of the central body, and a is the semimajor axis of the particle's ellipse. If the orbit of the particle is circular and lies in the equatorial plane of the central body, the correction is

Particles orbiting in opposite directions experience gravitomagnetic corrections T_Gvm with opposite signs, so that the difference of their orbital periods would cancel the standard Keplerian terms and would add the gravitomagnetic ones.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12] Note that the + sign occurs for particle's corotation with respect to the rotation of the central body, whereas the − sign is for counter-rotation. That is, if the satellite orbits in the same direction as the planet spins, it takes more time to make a full orbit, whereas if it moves oppositely with respect to the planet's rotation its orbital period gets shorter.

See also

References

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6. ^ {{cite journal | last= Iorio| first=L.|title= SATELLITE GRAVITATIONAL ORBITAL PERTURBATIONS AND THE GRAVITOMAGNETIC CLOCK EFFECT | journal= International Journal of Modern Physics D|date=August 2001| volume= 10| issue= 4| pages= 465–476 |doi= 10.1142/S0218271801000925 |arxiv = gr-qc/0007014 |bibcode = 2001IJMPD..10..465I }}
7. ^ {{cite journal | last= Iorio| first=L.|title= Satellite non-gravitational orbital perturbations and the detection of the gravitomagnetic clock effect | journal= Classical and Quantum Gravity|date=October 2001| volume= 18| issue= 20| pages= 4303–4310 |doi= 10.1088/0264-9381/18/20/309 |arxiv = gr-qc/0007057 |bibcode = 2001CQGra..18.4303I }}
8. ^ {{cite journal| last=Mashhoon |first=B. |author2=Gronwald, F |author3=Lichtenegger, H.I.M.|title=Gravitomagnetism and the Clock Effect|journal=Lecture Notes in Physics |year=2001|pages=83–108|doi=10.1007/3-540-40988-2_5| volume=562|arxiv=gr-qc/9912027}}
9. ^ {{cite journal | last= Mashhoon| first=B. |author2=Iorio, L. |author3=Lichtenegger, H.I.M.|title= On the gravitomagnetic clock effect | journal= Physics Letters A|date=December 2001| volume= 292| issue= 1–2| pages= 49–57 |doi= 10.1016/S0375-9601(01)00776-9|ref=Gclock1|arxiv = gr-qc/0110055 |bibcode = 2001PhLA..292...49M }}
10. ^ {{cite journal | last= Iorio| first=L. |author2=Lichtenegger, H.I.M. |author3=Mashhoon, B.|title= An alternative derivation of the gravitomagnetic clock effect| journal= Classical and Quantum Gravity|date=January 2002| volume= 19| issue= 1| pages= 39–49 |doi= 10.1088/0264-9381/19/1/303|ref=Gclock2 |arxiv = gr-qc/0107002 |bibcode = 2002CQGra..19...39I }}
11. ^ {{cite journal | last= Iorio| first=L.|author2=Lichtenegger, H.I.M.| title= On the possibility of measuring the gravitomagnetic clock effect in an Earth space-based experiment | journal= Classical and Quantum Gravity|date=February 2005| volume= 22| issue= 1| pages= 119–132| doi= 10.1088/0264-9381/22/1/008|ref= Gclock4|arxiv = gr-qc/0210030 |bibcode = 2005CQGra..22..119I }}
12. ^ {{cite journal | last= Lichtenegger| first=H.I.M. |author2=Iorio, L. |author3=Mashhoon, B.|title= The gravitomagnetic clock effect and its possible observation | journal= Annalen der Physik|date=December 2006| volume= 15| issue= 12| pages= 868–876 | doi=10.1002/andp.200610214|ref=Gclock3 |arxiv = gr-qc/0211108 |bibcode = 2006AnP...518..868L }}