“Gravity (2013 film)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Gravity is a 2013 science fiction thriller film directed by Alfonso Cuarón, who also co-wrote, co-edited and produced the film. It stars Sandra Bullock and George Clooney as American astronauts who are stranded in space after the mid-orbit destruction of their Space Shuttle, and their attempt to return to Earth.

Cuarón wrote the screenplay with his son Jonás and attempted to develop the film at Universal Pictures. Later, the distribution rights were acquired by Warner Bros. Pictures. David Heyman, who previously worked with Cuarón on Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (2004), produced the film with him. Gravity was produced entirely in the United Kingdom, where British visual effects company Framestore spent more than three years creating most of the film's visual effects, which make up over 80 of its 91 minutes.

Gravity opened the 70th Venice International Film Festival on August 28, 2013, and had its North American premiere three days later at the Telluride Film Festival. Upon its release, Gravity was met with critical acclaim. Particular praise was given to Emmanuel Lubezki's cinematography, Steven Price's musical score, Cuarón's direction, Bullock's performance, Framestore's visual effects, and its use of 3D. Considered one of the best films of 2013, it appeared on numerous critics' year-end lists, and was selected by the American Film Institute in their annual Movies of the Year list.^[5] The film became the eighth highest-grossing film of 2013 with a worldwide gross of over $723 million, against a production budget of around $100 million.

The film earned accolades from numerous critics and guilds. At the 86th Academy Awards, Gravity received ten nominations, including Best Actress for Bullock and Best Picture, and won seven awards, including Best Director, Best Original Score, Best Cinematography and Best Visual Effects. The film was also awarded six BAFTA Awards, including Outstanding British Film and Best Director, the Golden Globe Award for Best Director, seven Critics' Choice Movie Awards, and the 2013 Ray Bradbury Award.^[6]

Plot

NASA Space Shuttle Explorer, commanded by veteran astronaut Matt Kowalski, is in Earth's orbit on Mission STS-157 to service the Hubble Space Telescope. Dr. Ryan Stone is aboard on her first space mission as a mission specialist, to perform a set of hardware upgrades on the Hubble. During a spacewalk, Mission Control in Houston warns Explorer{{'}}s crew about a Russian missile strike on a defunct satellite, which has inadvertently caused a chain reaction forming a rapidly-expanding cloud of space debris, and orders the crew to return to Earth immediately. Communication with Mission Control is lost shortly thereafter as more and more communication satellites are knocked out by the debris.

High-speed debris strikes the Explorer and Hubble, tearing Stone from the Shuttle and leaving her tumbling through space. Kowalski, using a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), rescues Stone, and they return to the Explorer, where they discover that the Shuttle has suffered catastrophic damage, and the rest of the crew are dead.

Stone and Kowalski decide to use the MMU to reach the International Space Station (ISS), which is in orbit about {{convert|900|mi||-1|abbr=on|order=flip}} away. Kowalski estimates that they have 90 minutes before the debris field completes an orbit and threatens them again.

On their way to the ISS, the two discuss Stone's home life and her daughter, who died young in an accident. As they approach the station, they see that the ISS's crew has evacuated into one of its two Soyuz spacecraft, and the remaining Soyuz's parachute has been prematurely deployed, rendering it unable to return to Earth.

Kowalski suggests using it to travel to the nearby Chinese space station Tiangong, {{convert|100|km|-1|abbr=on}} away, in order to board its Shenzhou spacecraft and return safely to Earth via the re-entry capsule. Out of air and maneuvering fuel, the two try to grab onto the ISS; Stone's leg gets entangled in the Soyuz's parachute cords, and she grabs a strap on Kowalski's suit, but it soon becomes clear that the cords will not support them both. Despite Stone's protests, Kowalski detaches himself from the tether to save Stone from drifting away with him. Stone is pulled back towards the ISS, while Kowalski floats away. He continues to communicate with her, calming her and encouraging her to press on and return home, until he eventually drifts out of communication range.

Stone enters the space station via the airlock of the Pirs Docking Compartment. She cannot re-establish communication with Kowalski nor with Earth, and concludes that she is now the sole survivor.

Inside the station, a fire breaks out, forcing her to rush to the Soyuz. As she maneuvers the Soyuz away from the ISS, the tangled parachute tethers snag, preventing the spacecraft from leaving. Stone performs a spacewalk to cut the cables, succeeding just as the debris field returns, destroying the station. Stone angles the Soyuz towards Tiangong, but soon discovers that the Soyuz's engine has no fuel.

After a poignant attempt at radio communication with an Eskimo on Earth, Stone resigns herself to her fate and shuts down the cabin's oxygen supply to commit suicide. As she begins to lose consciousness, Kowalski enters the capsule, scolding her for giving up. He tells her to rig the Soyuz's soft landing rockets to propel the capsule toward Tiangong, then disappears.

Realizing Kowalski's appearance was a hallucination, Stone regains the will to go on, restores the spacecraft's oxygen flow, and rigs the landing rockets to propel the capsule towards Tiangong.

Unable to dock with Tiangong, Stone ejects herself from the Soyuz and uses a fire extinguisher as a makeshift thruster to travel to the rapidly deorbiting Tiangong. She manages to enter Tiangong{{'}}s Shenzhou spacecraft just as the station enters the upper atmosphere and unlocks its re-entry capsule just in time.

The Shenzhou capsule re-enters the atmosphere successfully; however, during the descent it is damaged by debris from the disintegrating Tiangong, and a fire starts inside the capsule. The capsule lands in a lake, but dense smoke forces Stone to evacuate immediately after splashdown, shed her spacesuit, and swim ashore. After watching the remains of the Tiangong re-enter Earth, and thanking Kowalski one last time, Stone shakily takes her first steps back on land.

Cast

Themes

Although Gravity is often referred to in the media as a science fiction film,^[15] Cuarón told BBC that he sees the film rather as "a drama of a woman in space".^[16] According to him, the main theme of the film was "adversity"^[12] and he uses the debris as a metaphor for this.^[10]

Despite being set in space, the film uses motifs from shipwreck and wilderness survival stories about psychological change and resilience in the aftermath of a catastrophe.^[17]^[31]^[18]^[19] Cuarón uses the character, Stone, to illustrate clarity of mind, persistence, training, and improvisation in the face of isolation and the consequences of a relentless Murphy's law.^[15] The film incorporates spiritual or existential themes, in the facts of Stone's daughter's accidental and meaningless death, and in the necessity of summoning the will to survive in the face of overwhelming odds, without future certainties, and with the impossibility of rescue from personal dissolution without finding this willpower.^[20] Calamities occur but only the surviving astronauts see them.^[21]

The impact of scenes is heightened by alternating between objective and subjective perspectives, the warm face of the Earth and the depths of dark space, the chaos and unpredictability of the debris field, and silence in the vacuum of space with the background score giving the desired effect.^[19]^[22] The film uses very long, uninterrupted shots throughout to draw the audience into the action, but contrasts these with claustrophobic shots within space suits and capsules.^[20]^[23]

Human evolution and the resilience of life may also be seen as key themes of Gravity.^[8]^[17]^[24]^[25] The film opens with the exploration of space{{mdash}}the vanguard of human civilization{{mdash}}and ends with an allegory of the dawn of mankind when Dr. Ryan Stone fights her way out of the water after the crash-landing, passing a frog, grabs the soil, and slowly regains her capacity to stand upright and walk. Director Cuarón said, "She's in these murky waters almost like an amniotic fluid or a primordial soup, in which you see amphibians swimming. She crawls out of the water, not unlike early creatures in evolution. And then she goes on all fours. And after going on all fours she's a bit curved until she is completely erect. It was the evolution of life in one, quick shot".^[25] Other imagery depicting the formation of life includes a scene in which Stone rests in an embryonic position, surrounded by a rope strongly resembling an umbilical cord. Stone's return from space, accompanied by meteorite-like debris, may be seen as a hint that elements essential to the development of life on Earth may have come from outer space in the form of meteorites.^[26] The film also suggests themes of humanity's ubiquitous strategy of existential resilience; that, across cultures, individuals must postulate meaning, beyond material existence, wherever none can be perceived.

Some commentators have noted possible religious themes in the film.^[27]^[28]^[29]^[30] For instance, Fr. Robert Barron in The Catholic Register summarizes the tension between Gravity{{'}}s technology and religious symbolism. He said, "The technology which this film legitimately celebrates ... can't save us, and it can't provide the means by which we establish real contact with each other. The Ganges in the sun, the St. Christopher icon, the statue of Budai, and above all, a visit from a denizen of heaven, signal that there is a dimension of reality that lies beyond what technology can master or access ... the reality of God".^[30]

Production

Development

As a child, Alfonso Cuarón had an affinity for space programs, dreamed of becoming an astronaut, and would watch live Moon landings on television.^[31] He was 8 years old when Apollo 11 landed on the Moon in 1969 and was profoundly influenced by Neil Armstrong. At that time his grandmother bought a new color TV in order to be able to see the Moon landing that was in black and white.^[32] He watched space films, like A Trip to the Moon (1902), and was further drawn to films featuring the technology of space exploration and trying to honor the laws of physics, such as Marooned (1969) and Woman in the Moon (1929).^[10]

After Cuarón and his son, Jonás, finished the screenplay, Cuarón attempted to develop his project at Universal Pictures, where it stayed in development for several years. After the rights to the project were sold, it began development at Warner Bros.^[9]

Writing

Cuarón co-wrote the screenplay with his son Jonás Cuarón.^[33] However, Cuarón never intended to make a space film. Before conceiving the story, he started out with a theme: adversity. He would discuss with Jonás survival scenarios in hostile, isolated locations, such as the desert (Jonás wrote a desert film, Desierto, which was released in 2015).^[31] Finally, he decided to take it to an extreme place where there's nothing: "I had this image of an astronaut spinning into space away from human communication. The metaphor was already so obvious."^[31]

Casting

For the female lead, no fewer than ten actresses were considered to play the role before Sandra Bullock was cast in October 2010.^[34] In 2010, Angelina Jolie, who had rejected a sequel to Wanted (2008), was in contact with Warner Bros. to star in the film.^[35]^[36] Scheduling conflicts involving Jolie's Bosnian war film In the Land of Blood and Honey (2011), and a possible Salt (2009) sequel led Jolie to end her involvement with Gravity, leaving Warner Bros. with doubts that the film would get made.^[35] The studio approached her for a second time to reconsider her former decision, which proposal Jolie again declined.^[34]

In mid-2010, Marion Cotillard screen tested the part but instead went on to accept a role in another sci-fi film, Inception, alongside Leonardo DiCaprio, and the comedy drama Little White Lies.^[37] Scheduling conflicts with the TV series Gossip Girl in Manhattan and the acclaimed film The Town in Boston prevented actress Blake Lively from getting the part.^[37]

For the female role, Cuarón was in search of a lead who was akin to Tom Hanks' character in Cast Away and began looking at a wide range of actors for the role.^[35] Other stars who were considered for the role include Naomi Watts, Carey Mulligan, Scarlett Johansson, Sienna Miller, Abbie Cornish, Rebecca Hall, and Olivia Wilde.^[34]

In March, Robert Downey Jr. entered discussions to be cast in the male lead role.^[38] In September, Cuarón received approval from Warner Bros. to offer the role without a screen test to Natalie Portman, who was praised for her performance in Black Swan (2010) at that time.^[39] Portman rejected the project because of scheduling conflicts, and Warner Bros. then approached Sandra Bullock for the role.^[35]

In November 2010, Downey left the project to star in How to Talk to Girls{{mdash}}a project in development with Shawn Levy attached to direct.^[40] The following December, with Bullock signed for the co-lead role, George Clooney replaced Downey.^[41]

Filming

Made on a production budget of {{nowrap|$100 million}}, Gravity was filmed digitally on multiple Arri Alexa cameras. CG elements were shot at Pinewood and Shepperton Studios in the United Kingdom.^[42] The landing scene was filmed at Lake Powell, Arizona{{mdash}}where the astronauts' landing scene in Planet of the Apes (1968) was also filmed.^[43]

Principal photography began in London, on 9th May 2011.^[44] The film contains 156 shots, with an average length of 45 seconds{{mdash}}fewer and longer shots than in most films of its length.^[45] Although the first trailer had audible explosions and other sounds, these scenes are silent in the finished film. Cuarón said, "They put in explosions [in the trailer]. As we know, there is no sound in space. In the film, we don't do that."^[46] The soundtrack in the film's space scenes consists of the musical score and sounds astronauts would hear in their suits or in the space vehicles.^[47]

For most of Bullock's shots, she was placed inside a giant, mechanical rig.^[79] Getting into the rig took a significant amount of time, so Bullock chose to stay in it for up to 10 hours a day, communicating with others through a headset.^[79] Costume Designer Jany Temime said the spacesuits were fictitious – "no space suit opens up at the front – but we had to do that in order for her to get out. So I had to redesign it and readapt all the functions of the suit for front opening."^[48]

Cuarón said his biggest challenge was to make the set feel as inviting and non-claustrophobic as possible. The team attempted to do this by having a celebration each day when Bullock arrived. They nicknamed the rig "Sandy's cage" and gave it a lighted sign.^[79] Most of the film was shot digitally using Arri Alexa Classics cameras equipped with wide Arri Master Prime lenses. The final scene, which takes place on Earth, was shot on an Arri 765 camera using 65mm film to provide the sequence with a visual contrast to the rest of the film.^[49]

Shooting long scenes in a zero-g environment was a challenge. Eventually, the team decided to use computer-generated imagery for the spacewalk scenes and automotive robots to move Bullock's character for interior space station scenes.^[50] This meant that shots and blocking had to be planned well in advance for the robots to be programmed.^[50] It also made the production period much longer than expected. When the script was finalized, Cuarón assumed it would take about a year to complete the film, but it took four and a half years.^[31]

Cinematography

Cuarón wanted to do tracking shots, in part because the producers wanted to film it like an IMAX-style Discovery Channel documentary.^[33] Like his previous films, Emmanuel Lubezki did not use prior footage as the starting point of his work on Gravity. Instead, he carried out a search of images from NASA and Roscosmos. He and his team put together a large collection of photographs and picked what was best for the film.^[88] Lubezki said that they based the visuals on descriptions from astronauts, with some artistic license in depicting how the stars looked during the daytime in space. He wanted to incorporate the stars as much as possible to feel as deep as possible and avoid plain darkness and two dimensional feeling.^[51]

Cuarón asked Lubezki to start the film with a brightly lit Earth.^[52] This scene was challenging for the team to shoot because the light was constantly changing from one frame to the other with the earth and ISS moving, and the sun changing its position all simultaneously. It took many months to design it and years to shoot it.^[51] When the team designed the sequence, Lubezki had in mind one of his favorite cinematographers, Vittorio Storaro, and how he utilized lighting in his films.^[52]

Visual effects

Visual effects were supervised by Tim Webber at the British VFX company Framestore, which was responsible for creating most of the film's visual effects{{mdash}}except for 17 shots. Framestore was also heavily involved in the art direction and, along with The Third Floor, the previsualization. Tim Webber stated that 80 percent of the film consisted of CGI{{mdash}}compared to James Cameron's Avatar (2009), which was 60 percent CGI.^[53] To simulate the authenticity and reflection of unfiltered light in space, a manually controlled lighting system consisting of 1.8 million individually controlled LED lights was built.^[54] The 3D imagery was designed and supervised by Chris Parks. The majority of the 3D was created by stereo rendering the CGI at Framestore. The remaining footage was converted into 3D in post-production{{mdash}}principally at Prime Focus, London, with additional conversion work by Framestore. Prime Focus's supervisor was Richard Baker.

Music

In most of the film's official trailers, Spiegel im Spiegel, written by Estonian composer Arvo Pärt in 1978, was used.^[59]

Release

Box office

Preliminary reports predicted the film would open with takings of over $40 million in the US and Canada.^[66]^[67] The film earned $1.4 million from its Thursday night showings,^[68] and reached $17.5 million on Friday.^[69] Gravity topped the box office and broke the record held by Paranormal Activity 3 (2011) as the highest-earning October and autumn openings, grossing $55.8 million from 3,575 theaters.^[70] 80 percent of the film's opening weekend gross came from its 3D showings, which grossed $44.2 million from 3,150 theaters. $11.2 million{{mdash}}20 percent of the receipts{{mdash}}came from IMAX 3D showings, the highest percentage for a film opening of more than $50 million.^[71] The film stayed at number one at the box office during its second and third weekends.^[72]^[73] IMAX alone generated $34.7 million from 323 theaters, a record for IMAX opening in October.^[74]

According to the tracking site Excipio, Gravity was one of the most copyright-infringed films of 2014 with over 29.3 million downloads via torrent sites.^[82]

Critical reception

Some critics have compared Gravity with other notable films set in space. Lindsey Weber of Vulture.com said the choice of Ed Harris for the voice of Mission Control is a reference to Apollo 13.^[97] Todd McCarthy of The Hollywood Reporter suggests the way "a weightless Stone goes floating about in nothing but her underwear" references Alien (1979).^[22] Other critics made connections with 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968).^[98] James Cameron praised the film and stated, "I think it's the best space photography ever done, I think it's the best space film ever done, and it's the movie I've been hungry to see for an awful long time".^[50] Empire Online, Ask Men and The Huffington Post also considered Gravity to be one of the best space films ever made,^[99]^[100]^[101] though The Huffington Post later included Gravity on their list of "8 Movies from the Last 15 Years That Are Super Overrated".^[102]

Top ten lists

Accolades

Gravity received ten nominations at the 86th Academy Awards; together with American Hustle it received the greatest number of nominations for the 2014 ceremony, including Best Picture, Best Actress for Bullock, and Best Production Design.^[105] The film won the most awards of the night with seven Academy Awards: for Best Director, Best Cinematography, Best Visual Effects, Best Film Editing, Best Original Score, Best Sound Editing, and Best Sound Mixing.^[106]^[107]^[108] The film is second only to Cabaret (1972) to receive the most Academy Awards in its year without winning Best Picture, and {{Asof|2014|lc=yes}} was the most awarded film since 2008's Slumdog Millionaire.

Cuarón won the Golden Globe Award for Best Director, and the film was also nominated for Best Motion Picture – Drama, Best Actress – Drama for Bullock and Best Original Score.^[109]^[110]

Home media

Gravity was released on digital download on February 11, 2014, and was released on DVD, Blu-ray and Blu-ray 3D on February 25, 2014, in the United States and on March 3, 2014, in the United Kingdom.^[116] {{as of|2014|March|16|df=US}}, Gravity has sold 908,756 DVDs along with 957,355 Blu-ray discs for $16,465,600 and $22,183,843, respectively, for a total of $38,649,443.^[117] Gravity was also offered for free in HD on Google Play and Nexus devices from late October 2014 to early November 2014.

A "special edition" Blu-ray was released on March 31, 2015. The release includes a "Silent Space Version" of the film which omits the score composed by Steven Price.^[118]

Scientific accuracy

Cuarón has stated that Gravity is not always scientifically accurate and that some liberties were needed to sustain the story.^[119] "This is not a documentary," Cuarón said. "It is a piece of fiction."^[120] The film has been praised for the realism of its premises and its overall adherence to physical principles, despite several inaccuracies and exaggerations.^[121]^[122]^[123] According to NASA Astronaut Michael J. Massimino, who took part in Hubble Space Telescope Servicing Missions STS-109 and STS-125, "nothing was out of place, nothing was missing. There was a one-of-a-kind wirecutter we used on one of my spacewalks and sure enough they had that wirecutter in the movie."^[124]

Astronaut Buzz Aldrin called the visual effects "remarkable", and said, "I was so extravagantly impressed by the portrayal of the reality of zero gravity. Going through the space station was done just the way that I've seen people do it in reality. The spinning is going to happen—maybe not quite that vigorous—but certainly we've been fortunate that people haven't been in those situations yet. I think it reminds us that there really are hazards in the space business, especially in activities outside the spacecraft."^[125] Former NASA astronaut Garrett Reisman said, "The pace and story was definitely engaging and I think it was the best use of the 3-D IMAX medium to date. Rather than using the medium as a gimmick, Gravity uses it to depict a real environment that is completely alien to most people. But the question that most people want me to answer is, how realistic was it? The very fact that the question is being asked so earnestly is a testament to the verisimilitude of the movie. When a bad science fiction movie comes out, no one bothers to ask me if it reminded me of the real thing."^[126]

Astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson, astronomer and skeptic Phil Plait, and veteran NASA astronaut and spacewalker Scott E. Parazynski have offered comments about some of the most "glaring" inaccuracies.^[123]^[127]^[128] The Dissolve characterized these complaints as "absurd", problems "only an astrophysicist would find".^[129]

Despite the inaccuracies in Gravity, Tyson, Plait and Parazynski said they enjoyed watching the film.^[123]^[127]^[128] Aldrin said he hoped that the film would stimulate the public to find an interest in space again, after decades of diminishing investments into advancements in the field.^[125]

See also

References

1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/gravity-film-0 |title=GRAVITY (12A) |date=August 23, 2013 |website=British Board of Film Classification |accessdate=August 23, 2013}}
2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/524365c749530 |title=Gravity (2013) |website=BFI |accessdate=November 28, 2014}}
3. ^{{cite magazine |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/sites/default/files/custom/Embeds/2013%20Feature%20Study%20Corrected%20no%20Watermark%5B2%5D.pdf |title=2013 Feature Film Production Report |magazine=The Hollywood Reporter |accessdate=March 28, 2018}}
4. ^¹²{{cite web |title=Gravity (2013) |url=http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=gravity.htm |website=Box Office Mojo |accessdate=May 9, 2014}}
5. ^{{cite web |url=http://deadline.com/2013/12/afi-awards-2013-film-winners-full-list-649223/ |title=AFI Awards 2013: Top 10 Films List Is Good News For Major Studios |last=Hammond |first=Pete |date=December 9, 2013 |website=Deadline Hollywood |accessdate=December 16, 2017}}
6. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.sfwa.org/2014/02/2013-nebula-nominees-announced/ |title=2013 Nebula Nominees Announced |website=Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America |date=February 25, 2014}}
7. ^{{cite news |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2013/sep/09/entertainment/la-et-mn-tiff-2013-sandra-bullock-gravity-cuaron-20130909 |title=TIFF 2013: Sandra Bullock calls making 'Gravity' 'lonely' |first=Steven |last=Zeitchik |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=September 9, 2013 |accessdate=September 18, 2016}}
8. ^¹{{cite web |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/10/08/alfonso-cuaron-explains-the-darwinian-ending-of-gravity.html |title=Alfonso Cuaron Explains the Darwinian Ending of 'Gravity' |first=Marlow |last=Stern |website=The Daily Beast |date=October 8, 2013 |accessdate=September 18, 2016}}
9. ^{{cite magazine |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/gravity-sandra-bullock-make-70-683561 |title=Sandra Bullock to Make $70 Million (At Least) for 'Gravity' |first=Stephen |last=Galloway |magazine=The Hollywood Reporter |date=February 26, 2016 |accessdate=September 18, 2016}}
10. ^{{cite web |last1=Pearlman |first1=Robert Z. |title='Gravity' Hidden History: Five Space 'Easter Eggs' in Astronaut Movie Out Now |url=http://www.space.com/23087-gravity-movie-space-history-secrets.html |accessdate=December 3, 2014 |website=space.com |date=October 4, 2013}}
11. ^{{cite magazine |last1=Abramovitch |first1=Seth |title='Gravity' Spinoff: Watch the Other Side of Sandra Bullock's Distress Call |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/gravity-spinoff-watch-side-sandra-657919 |accessdate=December 3, 2014 |magazine=The Hollywood Reporter |date=November 20, 2013}}
12. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0zcYkuIzzy8 |title=Aningaaq |date=November 21, 2013 |website=YouTube}}
13. ^{{cite web |last1=Vikaas |first1=Kishwer |title=Q&A with 'Gravity"s Other Star: UK Actor Phaldut Sharma |url=http://theaerogram.com/qa-gravitys-phaldut-sharma/ |accessdate=December 3, 2014 |website=The Aerogram.com |date=October 18, 2013}}
14. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶{{cite magazine |last1=Chang |first1=Justin |title=Venice Film Review: 'Gravity' |url=https://variety.com/2013/film/reviews/gravity-review-venice-film-festival-1200589689/ |accessdate=December 3, 2014 |magazine=Variety |date=August 28, 2013}}
15. ^¹{{cite web |url=http://www.reelviews.net/php_review_template.php?identifier=2670 |title=Gravity – A Movie Review |website=ReelViews |date=October 3, 2013 |accessdate=October 7, 2013 |last=Berardinelli |first=James |authorlink=James Berardinelli}}
16. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-26381335 |title=Oscars: Gravity 'not sci-fi', says Alfonso Cuaron |website=BBC News |date=February 28, 2014 |accessdate=November 23, 2014}}
17. ^¹²{{cite web |url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/gravity-2013 |last=Zoller Seitz |first=Matt |date=October 4, 2013 |title=Review: Gravity |website=RogerEbert.com |accessdate=May 22, 2014}}
18. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/goingoutguide/movies/gravity-works-as-both-thrilling-sci-fi-spectacle-and-brilliant-high-art/2013/10/02/cffa11bc-2a03-11e3-97a3-ff2758228523_story.html |title='Gravity' works as both thrilling sci-fi spectacle and brilliant high art |last=Hornaday |first=Ann |date=October 3, 2013 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}
19. ^¹²{{cite news |url=https://movies.nytimes.com/2013/10/04/movies/gravity-stars-sandra-bullock-and-george-clooney.html |title=Between Earth and Heaven |last=Scott |first=A.O. |date=October 3, 2013 |newspaper=The New York Times |accessdate=November 20, 2013}}
20. ^¹²{{cite news |url=http://www.miami.com/039gravity039-pg-13-article |title=Gravity |first=Rene |last=Rodriguez |newspaper=The Miami Herald |date=October 3, 2013}}
21. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.sfgate.com/entertainment/article/Gravity-review-powerful-images-and-drama-4866080.php |title="Gravity" review: powerful images – and drama |last=LaSalle |first=Mick |date=October 4, 2013 |newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle}}
22. ^¹{{cite magazine |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movie/gravity/review/615139 |title=Gravity: Venice Review |magazine=The Hollywood Reporter |last=McCarthy |first=Todd |date=August 28, 2013}}
23. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-mn-gravity-movie-review-20131004,0,4375763.story? |title=Review: "Gravity" has powerful pull thanks to Sandra Bullock, 3-D |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |last=Turan |first=Kenneth |date=October 3, 2013}}
24. ^{{cite web |last=Woerner |first=Meredith |title=Gravity's ending holds a deeper meaning, says Alfonso Cuaron |url=http://io9.com/gravitys-ending-holds-a-deeper-meaning-says-alfonso-c-1442690788 |date=October 8, 2013 |website=io9}}
25. ^¹{{Cite web |url=http://www.giantfreakinrobot.com/scifi/alfonso-cuarn-talks-gravitys-visual-metaphors-george-clooney-clarifies-writing-credit.html |title=Alfonso Cuarón Talks Gravity's Visual Metaphors, And George Clooney Clarifies His Writing Credit |first=Rudie |last=Obias |date=October 9, 2013 |website=Giant Freakin Robot |accessdate=May 22, 2014}}
26. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.spiegel.de/wissenschaft/weltall/meteorit-sutter-s-mill-lieferte-kohlenstoff-verbindungen-a-921410.html |title=Meteorit enthielt Bausteine für Leben |trans-title=Meteorite contained building blocks for life |website=Spiegel Online |language=de |date=September 10, 2013 |accessdate=May 22, 2014}}
27. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/08/gravity-film-philosophy_n_4059899.html |title='Gravity' film Philosophizes About Existence for the 'Nones' |first=Jeffrey |last=Weiss |website=The Huffington Post |date=October 8, 2013 |accessdate=November 23, 2013}}
28. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.christianpost.com/news/christian-reviewers-call-new-film-gravity-an-allegory-for-god-jesus-106290/ |title=Christian Reviewers Call New Film 'Gravity' an Allegory for God, Jesus |first=Tyler |last=O'Neil |newspaper=The Christian Post |date=October 9, 2013 |accessdate=November 23, 2013}}
29. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lv80VpPb--Y |title=Gravity: A Commentary |first=Robert |last=Barron |authorlink=Robert Barron (bishop) |date=October 8, 2013 |website=YouTube |accessdate=November 23, 2013}}
30. ^¹{{cite web |url=http://www.catholicregister.org/arts/item/17074-gravity-opens-the-door-to-the-reality-of-god |title=Gravity opens the door to the reality of God |first=Robert |last=Barron |website=The Catholic Register |date=October 17, 2013 |accessdate=November 23, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141104201719/http://www.catholicregister.org/arts/item/17074-gravity-opens-the-door-to-the-reality-of-god |archivedate=November 4, 2014 |df= }}
31. ^¹²³⁴⁵{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/feb/06/sandra-bullock-pain-gravity-oscars-george-clooney-2014 |title=Sandra Bullock: the pain of Gravity |first=Steve |last=Rose |newspaper=The Guardian |date=February 6, 2014 |accessdate=September 18, 2016}}
32. ^{{cite magazine |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/alfonso-cuaron-how-angelina-jolie-681003 |title=Alfonso Cuaron on How Angelina Jolie and Robert Downey Jr. Almost Starred in 'Gravity' |first=Tim |last=Appelo |magazine=The Hollywood Reporter |date=February 18, 2014 |accessdate=September 18, 2016}}
33. ^¹²³⁴{{cite magazine |url=https://www.wired.com/2013/10/center_of_gravity/ |title=Why Gravity Director Alfonso Cuarón Will Never Make a Space Movie Again |first=Caitlyn |last=Roaper |magazine=Wired |date=October 1, 2013 |accessdate=September 18, 2016}}
34. ^¹²{{cite web |url=http://deadline.com/2010/09/angelina-jolie-pass-puts-gravity-in-shaky-orbit-for-warner-bros-64414/ |title=Angelina Jolie Pass Puts 'Gravity' In Shaky Orbit For Warner Bros |first=Mike |last=Fleming Jr |website=Deadline Hollywood |date=September 1, 2010 |accessdate=September 18, 2016}}
35. ^¹²³⁴⁵{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2010/film/news/sandra-bullock-in-talks-for-gravity-1118025288/ |title=Sandra Bullock in talks for 'Gravity' |date=October 6, 2010 |last=Kroll |first=Justin |magazine=Variety |accessdate=April 27, 2013}}
36. ^{{cite magazine |url=http://nymag.com/daily/entertainment/2010/02/angelina_jolie_wanted_2_out.html |title=Angelina Jolie Says No to 'Wanted 2', Killing the Sequel |magazine=Vulture |date=February 25, 2010 |accessdate=April 27, 2013 |last=Brodesser-Akner |first=Claude |publisher=New York Media}}
37. ^¹{{cite news |url=https://nypost.com/2013/10/08/5-actresses-who-almost-starred-in-gravity/ |title=5 actresses who almost starred in 'Gravity' |first=Jane |last=Ridley |newspaper=New York Post |date=October 8, 2013 |accessdate=September 18, 2016}}
38. ^{{cite web |last=Rosenberg |first=Adam |url=http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2010/03/15/robert-downey-jr-gravity-alfonso-cuaron/ |title=Robert Downey Jr. In Talks To Star In 'Children of Men' Director Alfonso Cuaron's 'Gravity' |website=MTV |publisher=Viacom Media Networks |date=April 27, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6HzYpGpsN?url=http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2010/03/15/robert-downey-jr-gravity-alfonso-cuaron/ |archivedate=July 9, 2013 |df=mdy-all }}
39. ^{{cite web |last=Fernandez |first=Jay A. |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2010/09/08/us-portman-idUSTRE6865H420100908 |title=Natalie Portman offered lead in 3D survival story |website=Thomson Reuters |date=September 8, 2010 |accessdate=April 27, 2013}}
40. ^{{cite magazine |last=Kit |first=Borys |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/blogs/heat-vision/robert-downey-jr-eyeing-talk-46689 |title=Robert Downey Jr. Eyeing 'How to Talk to Girls' |magazine=The Hollywood Reporter |date=November 17, 2010 |accessdate=April 27, 2013}}
41. ^¹{{cite magazine |last=McNary |first=Dave |url=https://variety.com/2010/film/news/clooney-to-replace-downey-jr-in-gravity-1118029180/ |title=Clooney to replace Downey Jr. in 'Gravity' |magazine=Variety |date=December 16, 2010 |accessdate=April 27, 2013}}
42. ^{{cite web |title=Gravity: Pinewood filming locations |url=http://www.pinewoodgroup.com/production/gravity |website=Pinewood Studios |accessdate=October 6, 2013}}
43. ^{{cite web |title=What Is The Mind Blowing Connection Between 'Gravity' And 'Planet Of The Apes'? |website=Badass Digest |url=http://badassdigest.com/2013/10/14/what-is-the-mind-blowing-connection-between-gravity-and-planet-of-the-apes/ |accessdate=November 26, 2013}}
44. ^{{cite web |last=Dang |first=Simon |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/theplaylist/archives/producer_mark_heyman_says_alfonso_cuarons_gravity_will_shoot_this_may/ |title=The Playlist: Producer David Heyman Says Alfonso Cuarón's 3D Sci-Fi Epic 'Gravity' Will Shoot This May |website=IndieWire |date=April 17, 2011 |accessdate=April 27, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111026122503/http://blogs.indiewire.com/theplaylist/archives/producer_mark_heyman_says_alfonso_cuarons_gravity_will_shoot_this_may |archivedate=October 26, 2011 |df= }}
45. ^{{cite web |last=Raup |first=Jordan |title=Alfonso Cuaron's 2-Hour 'Gravity' Revealed; 17-Minute Opening Take Confirmed |url=http://thefilmstage.com/news/average-shot-length-in-alfonso-cuarons-2-hour-gravity-revealed-17-minute-opening-take-confirmed/ |website=The Film Stage |accessdate=November 18, 2013}}
46. ^{{cite news |last=Child |first=Ben |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/jul/22/comic-con-2013-five-things-we-learned |title=Comic-Con 2013: five things we learned |newspaper=The Guardian |date=July 22, 2013 |accessdate=July 22, 2013 |location=London}}
47. ^{{cite web |title=Observations on film art |url=http://www.davidbordwell.net/blog/2013/11/12/gravity-part-2-thinking-inside-the-box/ |accessdate=November 28, 2014 |website=davidbordwell.net |date=November 12, 2013}}
48. ^{{cite web |url=http://filmdoctor.co.uk/2015/10/25/spectre-costume-designer-jany-temime-in-conversation/ |title=Spectre and Gravity costume designer Jany Temime in conversation |website=Film Doctor |date=October 25, 2015 |accessdate=January 1, 2014}}
49. ^{{cite magazine |url=http://www.theasc.com/ac_magazine/November2013/Gravity/page2.php |title=Emmanuel Lubezki, ASC, AMC and his collaborators detail their work on Gravity, a technically ambitious drama set in outer space |magazine=American Cinematographer |volume=94 |number=11 |publisher=American Society of Cinematographers |date=November 2013 |accessdate=January 1, 2014}}
50. ^¹²³⁴⁵{{cite magazine |last1=Cohen |first1=David S. |last2=McNary |first2=David |date=September 3, 2013 |title=Alfonso Cuaron Returns to the Bigscreen After Seven Years With 'Gravity' |magazine=Variety |url=https://variety.com/2013/film/news/alfonso-cuaron-returns-to-the-bigscreen-after-seven-years-with-gravity-1200596518/ |accessdate=October 6, 2013}}
51. ^¹²{{cite magazine |url=http://time.com/3807510/behind-the-moving-image-the-cinematography-of-gravity/ |title=Behind the Moving Image: The Cinematography of Gravity |first=Paul |last=Moakley |magazine=Time |date=February 28, 2014 |accessdate=September 18, 2016}}
52. ^¹{{cite magazine |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/behind-screen/gravity-cinematographer-emmanuel-lubezki-reveals-680310 |title='Gravity' Cinematographer Reveals How He Got Those Astonishing Shots |first=Carolyn |last=Giardina |magazine=The Hollywood Reporter |date=February 14, 2014 |accessdate=September 18, 2016}}
53. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.framestore.com/work/coming-soon-gravity |title=Gravity |website=Framestore |accessdate=October 22, 2013}}
54. ^{{cite magazine |url=http://entertainment.time.com/2013/10/07/tech-breakthroughs-in-film-from-house-of-wax-to-gravity/ |title=Tech Breakthroughs in Film: From House of Wax to Gravity |first=Francesca |last=Trianni |magazine=Time |accessdate=November 14, 2014 |date=October 7, 2013}}
55. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/09/05/gravity-soundtrack_n_3874193.html |title='Gravity' Soundtrack Preview Highlights 23 Minutes of Steven Price's Nerve-Rattling Score |website=Huffington Post |date=September 5, 2013 |accessdate=September 8, 2013}}
56. ^{{cite web |title='Gravity' Soundtrack Details |url=http://filmmusicreporter.com/2013/08/28/gravity-soundtrack-details/ |website=Film Music Reporter |accessdate=September 12, 2013 |date=August 28, 2013}}
57. ^{{cite web |title=Gravity (2013) – Song Credits |url=http://www.soundtrack.net/movie/gravity-2013/ |website=Soundtrack.net |accessdate=October 7, 2013}}
58. ^{{cite web |title=Gravity (2013) - Soundtracks |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1454468/soundtrack |website=IMDb.com}}
59. ^{{cite web |last=Wickman |first=Forrest |url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/browbeat/2013/05/09/gravity_full_trailer_has_alfonso_cuar_n_made_a_sci_fi_gamechanger_video.html |title=Trailer Critic: Alfonso Cuarón's Gravity |website=Slate |date=May 9, 2013 |accessdate=May 12, 2013}}
60. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-23158374 |title=George Clooney and Sandra Bullock to open Venice film festival |website=BBC News |date=July 3, 2013}}
61. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=65561 |title=UPDATE: Warner Bros. and IMAX Sign Up to 20 Picture Deal! |website=ComingSoon.net |publisher=CraveOnline |date=April 25, 2010 |accessdate=August 17, 2011}}
62. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.screendaily.com/news/gravity-sets-uk-release-date/5059338.article |title=Gravity sets UK release date |website=ScreenDaily |accessdate=November 14, 2014}}
63. ^{{cite web |last=Vary |first=Adam |url=http://insidemovies.ew.com/2012/05/14/sandra-bullock-gravity-2013/ |title=Sandra Bullock, George Clooney sci-fi drama 'Gravity' moved to 2013 |website=Entertainment Weekly |date=May 14, 2012 |accessdate=May 15, 2012}}
64. ^¹{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2013/film/news/gravity-rises-to-500-million-at-worldwide-box-office-1200842131/ |title='Gravity' Rises to $500 Million at Worldwide Box Office |first=Stuart |last=Oldham |magazine=Variety |date=November 16, 2013 |accessdate=August 29, 2016}}
65. ^{{cite magazine |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/box-office-milestone-gravity-rockets-652789 |title=Box Office Milestone: 'Gravity' Rockets Past $400 Million Mark Worldwide |first=Pamela |last=McClintock |magazine=The Hollywood Reporter |date=November 3, 2013 |accessdate=August 29, 2016}}
66. ^{{cite magazine |last=Stewart |first=Andrew |title=Box Office: 'Gravity' Tracking for a $40 Mil-Plus Bow With Record 3D Sales |url=https://variety.com/2013/film/news/box-office-gravity-tracking-for-a-40-mil-plus-bow-with-record-3d-sales-1200692372/ |magazine=Variety |accessdate=October 6, 2013 |date=October 4, 2013}}
67. ^{{cite news |last=Smith |first=Grady |title=Box office preview: 'Gravity' headed for a stellar debut |url=http://insidemovies.ew.com/2013/10/03/box-office-preview-gravity/ |newspaper=Entertainment Weekly |publisher=CNN |accessdate=October 6, 2013 |date=October 3, 2013}}
68. ^{{cite magazine |last=McClintock |first=Pamela |title=Box Office: 'Gravity' Takes Flight With $1.4 Million Thursday Night |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/box-office-gravity-takes-flight-643374 |magazine=The Hollywood Reporter |accessdate=October 6, 2013 |date=October 4, 2013}}
69. ^{{cite magazine |last=Mendelson |first=Scott |title=Friday Box Office: 'Gravity' Earns $17.5m, Rockets Towards $50m |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/scottmendelson/2013/10/05/friday-box-office-gravity-earns-17m-rockets-towards-50m/ |magazine=Forbes |accessdate=October 6, 2013 |date=October 5, 2013}}
70. ^{{cite web |last=Subers |first=Ray |title=Weekend Report: Houston, 'Gravity' Does Not Have a Problem |url=http://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3738&p=.htm |website=Box Office Mojo |accessdate=October 7, 2013 |date=October 7, 2013}}
71. ^¹{{cite web |last=Cunninghham |first=Todd |title='Gravity' soars to record-breaking box-office blast-off |url=http://movies.msn.com/movies/article.aspx?news=831933 |website=MSN Entertainment |accessdate=October 6, 2013 |date=October 6, 2013}}
72. ^{{cite web |last=Subers |first=Ray |title=Weekend Report: 'Gravity' Holds, 'Captain' Floats, 'Machete' Bombs |url=http://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3740&p=.htm |website=Box Office Mojo |accessdate=January 17, 2014 |date=October 13, 2013}}
73. ^{{cite web |last=Subers |first=Ray |title=Weekend Report: 'Gravity' Wins Again, 'Carrie' Leads Weak Newcomers |url=http://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3742&p=.htm |website=Box Office Mojo |accessdate=January 17, 2014 |date=October 20, 2013}}
74. ^¹²{{cite web |url=http://deadline.com/2013/10/gravity-opens-to-1-4m-in-thursfri-late-shows-603276/ |title=Bullock-Clooney-Cuaron's $55M 'Gravity' Domestic Weekend Soars To October Record And Big $27.4M Internationally; 'Runner Runner' Flops $7.8M |first=Nikki |last=Finke |website=Deadline Hollywood |publisher=(Penske Media Corporation) |date=October 6, 2013 |accessdate=July 18, 2015}}
75. ^{{cite magazine |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/china-box-office-gravity-soars-660054 |title=China Box Office: 'Gravity' Soars Past 'Catching Fire' |first=Clifford |last=Coonan |magazine=The Hollywood Reporter |publisher=(Prometheus Global Media) |date=November 26, 2013 |accessdate=July 19, 2015}}
76. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/space-thriller-gravity-takes-623-million-at-uk-box-office-on-opening-weekend-8932293.html |title=Space thriller Gravity takes £6.23 million at UK box office on opening weekend |newspaper=Evening Standard |date=January 16, 2014}}
77. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.screendaily.com/box-office/gravity-stays-top-of-uk-box-office/5063747.article |title=Gravity stays top of UK Box office |first=Ian |last=Sandwell |date=November 18, 2013 |website=Screen Daily}}
78. ^{{cite web |url=http://english.entgroup.cn/news_detail.aspx?id=2194 |title=Hollywood Takes a Hit |author=Bai Shi (Beijing Review) |date=February 9, 2014 |accessdate=February 10, 2014 |website=english.entgroup.cn |publisher=EntGroup Inc.}}
79. ^{{cite web |url=http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=gravity.htm |title=Gravity – Foreign By Country |accessdate=February 14, 2014 |website=Box Office Mojo}}
80. ^{{cite tweet |user=boxofficemojo |number=435536257611870208 |date=February 17, 2014 |title='Gravity' has now earned over $700 million worldwide.}}
81. ^{{cite web |url=http://deadline.com/2014/03/iron-man-3-gravity-man-of-steel-profit-most-profitable-movies-2013-701662/ |title=2013 Most Valuable Blockbuster Tournament Tip-Off – #1 'Iron Man 3' Vs. #16 'The Conjuring'; #8 'Gravity' Vs. #9 'Man Of Steel' |first=Mike |last=Fleming Jr |website=Deadline Hollywood |date=March 21, 2014 |accessdate=March 22, 2015}}
82. ^{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2014/digital/news/top-20-most-pirated-movies-of-2014-led-by-wolf-of-wall-street-frozen-gravity-1201388403/ |title=Top 20 Most Pirated Movies of 2014 Led by 'Wolf of Wall Street,' 'Frozen,' 'Gravity' |first=Todd |last=Spangler |magazine=Variety |date=December 28, 2014 |accessdate=February 21, 2015}}
83. ^{{cite magazine |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/gravity-tracking-could-warner-bros-637408 |title='Gravity' Tracking: Could Warner Bros. Space Epic Open to $40 Million? |first=Pamela |last=McClintock |magazine=The Hollywood Reporter |date=September 26, 2013 |accessdate=March 30, 2016}}
84. ^{{cite web |last=Trumbore |first=Dave |url=http://www.collider.com/gravity-reviews/ |title='Gravity' Reviews Praise Sandra Bullock and George Clooney's Performances |website=Collider |date=August 28, 2013 |accessdate=August 28, 2013}}
85. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/gravity_2013/ |title=Gravity (2013) |publisher=Fandango Media |website=Rotten Tomatoes |accessdate=August 20, 2018}}
86. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.metacritic.com/movie/gravity |title=Gravity Reviews |publisher=CBS Interactive |website=Metacritic |accessdate=September 19, 2013}}
87. ^{{cite magazine |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/cinemascore-retreat-as-studios-turn-648341 |title=CinemaScore in Retreat as Studios Turn to PostTrak |first=Pamela |last=McClintock |magazine=The Hollywood Reporter |date=October 18, 2013 |accessdate=March 12, 2017}}
88. ^{{cite magazine |last=Frater|first=Patrick |url=https://variety.com/2013/film/reviews/gravity-review-venice-film-festival-1200589689/ |title='Gravity' Review: Alfonso Cuaron's White-Knuckle Space Odyssey |magazine=Variety |date=August 14, 2013 |accessdate=August 28, 2013}}
89. ^¹{{cite magazine |url=http://entertainment.time.com/2013/08/28/gravity-at-the-venice-film-festival-dread-and-awe-in-space/ |title=Gravity at the Venice Film Festival: Dread and Awe in Space |magazine=Time |date=August 28, 2013 |accessdate=October 2, 2013}}
90. ^{{cite web |last1=Bradshaw |first1=Peter |title=Gravity Review |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/nov/07/gravity-review |website=The Guardian |publisher=Guardian News and Media Limited |accessdate=February 17, 2015}}
91. ^{{cite news |last1=Collin |first1=Robbie |title=Gravity, review: 'heartachingly tender' |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/filmreviews/10271540/Gravity-review-heartachingly-tender.html |website=The Daily Telegraph |publisher=Telegraph Media Group Limited |accessdate=February 17, 2015 |location=London |date=November 7, 2013}}
92. ^{{cite magazine |last=Travers |first=Peter |title=Gravity |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/gravity-20131003 |magazine=Rolling Stone |accessdate=November 20, 2013}}
93. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.tarantino.info/2013/10/05/quentin-tarantinos-top-10-films-2013-far/ |title=Quentin Tarantino's Top 10 Films of 2013 – So Far |website=The Quentin Tarantino Archives |date=October 5, 2013 |accessdate=October 7, 2013}}
94. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.empireonline.com/features/films-of-the-year-2013/p14/ |title=The 50 Best Films of 2013 |magazine=Empire |date=December 3, 2013 |accessdate=December 4, 2013}}
95. ^{{cite magazine |url=http://entertainment.time.com/2013/12/04/arts-and-entertainment/slide/top-10-best-movies/ |title=Top 10 Best Movies |date=December 4, 2013 |magazine=Time}}
96. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.totalfilm.com/features/best-movies-of-2013/gravity |title=Best movies of 2013 |date=December 11, 2013 |website=Total Film |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214045723/http://www.totalfilm.com/features/best-movies-of-2013/gravity |archivedate=December 14, 2013 }}
97. ^{{cite web |last=Weber |first=Lindsey |title=Did You Catch Gravity's Apollo 13 Shout-out? |url=http://www.vulture.com/2013/10/did-you-catch-apollo-13-shout-out.html |accessdate=October 7, 2013 |website=Vulture |date=October 6, 2013}}
98. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304176904579111881467162864 |title="Gravity" Exerts Cosmic Pull |last=Morgenstern |first=Joe |date=October 3, 2013 |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal}}
99. ^{{cite web |title=The 301 Greatest Films of All Time |url=http://www.empireonline.com/301/301.asp |accessdate=June 20, 2014}}
100. ^{{cite web |last1=Butler |first1=Tom |title=Gravity Review The Best Space Movie Ever? |url=http://uk.askmen.com/entertainment/movie/gravity-review.html |website=Askmen.com |accessdate=June 20, 2014}}
101. ^{{cite news |last1=Kim |first1=Jonathan |title=ReThink Review: Gravity - The Best Space Movie Since 2001 |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jonathan-kim/rethink-review-emgravitye_b_4041698.html |website=Huffington Post |accessdate=June 20, 2014 |date=October 4, 2013}}
102. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/06/12/overrated-movies_n_5481916.html |title=8 Movies From The Last 15 Years That Are Super Overrated |website=Huffington Post |date=June 12, 2014 |accessdate=October 4, 2014}}
103. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.metacritic.com/feature/film-critic-top-10-lists-best-movies-of-2013 |first=Jason |last=Dietz |title=2013 Film Critic Top Ten Lists |website=Metacritic |date=December 8, 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102162352/http://www.metacritic.com/feature/film-critic-top-10-lists-best-movies-of-2013 |archivedate=January 2, 2014}}
104. ^¹{{cite web |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/balder-and-dash/top-ten-lists-of-2013-from-our-contributors |title=Top Ten Lists of 2013 From Our Contributors |date=January 1, 2014 |website=Roger Ebert.com |accessdate=February 1, 2019}}
105. ^{{cite news |title=2014 Oscar Nominees |website=AMPAS |url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/86/nominees.html |accessdate=January 16, 2014 |date=January 16, 2014}}
106. ^{{cite web |url=http://oscar.go.com/ |title=Oscar Winners 2014 Complete List |website=Oscar.go.com |accessdate=March 3, 2014}}
107. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/oscars/10669168/Oscars-winners-2014-the-full-list.html |title=Oscar Winners 2014 List |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |accessdate=March 3, 2014 |location=London |date=March 3, 2014}}
108. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/mar/03/oscars-2014-gravity-win-12-years-a-slave |title=Gravity dominates, but 12 Years a Slave wins best film |date=March 3, 2014 |newspaper=The Guardian |accessdate=March 4, 2014}}
109. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/12/12/golden-globe-awards-2014_n_4428720.html |title=Golden Globe Awards 2014: Nominees Announced For 71st Annual Golden Globes |date=December 12, 2013 |website=The Huffington Post |accessdate=December 12, 2013}}
110. ^{{cite web |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/01/12/showbiz/2014-golden-globes/ |title='12 Years,' 'Hustle' win film Globes |first=Todd |last=Leopold |date=January 13, 2014 |website=CNN |accessdate=March 4, 2014}}
111. ^{{cite web |url=http://static.bafta.org/files/film-1314-nominations-master-list-2141.pdf |title=2013 Nominations |accessdate=January 8, 2014 |website=BAFTA |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108103356/http://static.bafta.org/files/film-1314-nominations-master-list-2141.pdf |archivedate=January 8, 2014 |df=mdy-all }}
112. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-25648930 |title=Bafta Film Awards 2014: Full list of nominees |website=BBC News |date=January 8, 2014 |accessdate=January 8, 2014}}
113. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.deadline.com/2014/02/bafta-award-winners-2014-bafta-movie-awards/ |title=BAFTA Awards: '12 Years A Slave' Wins Best Film But 'Gravity' Carries Most Weight With Six Total Nods; Chiwetel Ejiofor & Cate Blanchett Take Actor Wins; 'American Hustle' Scores 3 Including For Jennifer Lawrence |accessdate=February 16, 2014 |website=BAFTA}}
114. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/feb/16/baftas-2014-gravity-outstanding-british-film |title=Gravity wins outstanding British film |date=February 16, 2014 |newspaper=The Guardian |accessdate=March 4, 2014}}
115. ^{{cite web |title=2014 Hugo Award Winners |url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/2014/08/2014-hugo-award-winners/ |website=The Hugo Awards |accessdate=August 17, 2014 |date=August 17, 2014}}
116. ^{{cite web |last=Brew |first=Simon |title=Gravity DVD and Blu-ray release date confirmed |url=http://www.denofgeek.com/movies/gravity/28945/gravity-dvd-and-blu-ray-release-date-confirmed |website=Den of Geek |date=January 21, 2014 |accessdate=February 17, 2014}}
117. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Gravity#tab=video-sales |title=Gravity |website=The Numbers |accessdate=November 14, 2014}}
118. ^{{Cite magazine |url=http://www.ew.com/article/2014/11/11/gravity-silent-space |title='Gravity' is getting a scientifically accurate 'Silent Space Version' |last=Franich |first=Darren |date=November 11, 2014 |magazine=Entertainment Weekly}}
119. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.space.com/23062-gravity-movie-science-fiction-fact.html |title='Gravity' Reality Check: Alfonso Cuarón, Sandra Bullock Talk Fact vs. Fiction |first=Robert Z. |last=Pearlman |date=October 3, 2013 |website=Space.com}}
120. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/10/07/showbiz/movies/gravity-scientists/ |title=5 things that couldn't happen in 'Gravity' |website=CNN.com |first=Lisa Respers |last=France |date=October 8, 2013 |accessdate=November 25, 2013}}
121. ^{{cite web |url=http://edition.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/bestoftv/2013/09/28/exp-science-behind-gravity.cnn.html |title=What's behind the science of 'Gravity'? |website=CNN |date=September 28, 2013 |accessdate=October 2, 2013}}
122. ^¹²{{cite web |first=Jean-Luc |last=Margot |title=How realistic is 'Gravity'? |url=http://www2.ess.ucla.edu/~jlm/epo/gravity.html |website=UCLA |date=September 28, 2013 |accessdate=October 8, 2013}}
123. ^¹²³⁴{{cite web |last=Watkins |first=Gwynne |title=An Astronaut Fact-checks Gravity |url=http://www.vulture.com/2013/10/astronaut-fact-checks-gravity.html |website=Vulture |accessdate=October 12, 2013 |date=October 8, 2013}}
124. ^{{cite magazine |url=http://www.spacesafetymagazine.com/2013/10/04/gravity-ripped-headlines/ |title=Gravity: Ripped from the Headlines? |magazine=Space Safety |date=October 3, 2013 |accessdate=October 3, 2013}}
125. ^¹{{cite magazine |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/gravity-review-by-astronaut-buzz-639883 |title='Gravity' Review by Astronaut Buzz Aldrin |magazine=The Hollywood Reporter |date=October 3, 2013 |accessdate=October 7, 2013}}
126. ^{{cite magazine |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/quora/2013/10/17/what-does-a-real-astronaut-think-of-gravity/ |title=What Does A Real Astronaut Think Of 'Gravity'? |first=Garrett |last=Reisman |magazine=Forbes |accessdate=October 20, 2013}}
127. ^¹{{cite web |url=https://www.wired.com/underwire/2013/10/neil-degrasse-tyson-gravity/ |title=Astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson Fact-Checks Gravity on Twitter |website=Wired |date=October 7, 2013 |accessdate=October 8, 2013 |first=Angela |last=Watercutter}}
128. ^¹²{{cite web |last=Plait |first=Phil |url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/bad_astronomy/2013/10/04/ba_movie_review_gravity.html |title=Bad Astronomy Movie Review: Gravity |website=Slate |date=October 4, 2013 |accessdate=October 24, 2013}}
129. ^{{cite web |url=http://thedissolve.com/features/one-year-later/799-one-year-later-gravity/ |title=One Year Later: Gravity |website=The Dissolve |accessdate=November 14, 2014}}
130. ^{{cite news |last=Dewey |first=Caitlin |title=Here's what 'Gravity' gets right and wrong about space |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2013/10/21/heres-what-gravity-gets-right-and-wrong-about-space/ |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=October 21, 2013}}
131. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20131027-why-gravity-is-junk-science |title=Why Gravity is junk science |first=Quentin |last=Cooper |website=BBC Future |date=October 28, 2013}}
132. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.space.com/20597-how-astronauts-cry-space-video.html |title=How Astronauts Cry in Space (Video) |first=Chris |last=Hadfield |website=Space.com |date=April 11, 2013 |accessdate=October 22, 2013}}
133. ^{{cite magazine |url=http://science.time.com/2013/10/01/what-gravity-gets-right-and-wrong-about-space/ |title='Gravity' Fact Check: What the Season's Big Movie Gets Wrong |first=Jeffrey |last=Kluger |magazine=Time |date=October 1, 2013}}