| 词条 | Gros Ventre language | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Gros Ventre | states = United States | region = Montana | ethnicity = Gros Ventre | extinct = 1981 | revived = 45 self-identified speakers as of 2009-2013[1] | ref = [2] | familycolor = Algic | fam1 = Algic | fam2 = Algonquian | fam3 = Arapahoan | iso3 = ats | glotto = gros1243 | glottorefname = Gros Ventre }} Atsina, or Gros Ventre (also known as Ananin, Ahahnelin, Ahe and A’ani),[2] is the ancestral language of the Gros Ventre people of Montana. The last fluent speaker died in 1981,[3] though revitalization efforts are underway. HistoryAtsina is the name applied by specialists in Algonquian linguistics. Arapaho and Atsina are dialects of a common language usually designated by scholars as "Arapaho-Atsina". Historically, this language had five dialects, and on occasion specialists add a third dialect name to the label, resulting in the designation, "Arapaho-Atsina-Nawathinehena".[3] Compared with Arapaho proper, Gros Ventre had three additional phonemes {{IPA|/tʲ/}}, {{IPA|/ts/}}, {{IPA|/kʲ/}}, and {{IPA|/bʲ/}}, and lacked the velar fricative {{IPA|/x/}}. Theresa Lamebull taught the language at Fort Belknap College, and helped develop a dictionary using the Phraselator when she was 109.[4]As of 2012, the White Clay Immersion School at Fort Belknap College was teaching the language to 26 students, up from 11 students in 2006.[2][5] PhonologyConsonants
Vowels
Notes1. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2013/demo/2009-2013-lang-tables.html|title=Detailed Languages Spoken at Home and Ability to Speak English|publisher= US Census Bureau|website=www.census.gov|language=en-US|access-date=2017-11-17}} 2. ^1 {{Cite web| title = Immersion School is Saving a Native American Language| work = Indian Country Today Media Network| accessdate = 2012-10-22| date = 2012-02-12| url = http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2012/02/12/immersion-school-is-saving-a-native-american-language-97341}} 3. ^1 2 Mithun 336 4. ^{{Cite web| title = The Phraselator II| work = The American Magazine| accessdate = 2013-05-12| url = http://www.american.com/archive/2007/october-10-07/the-phraselator-ii}} 5. ^{{Cite news| last = Boswell| first = Evelyn| title = MSU grads preserve a native language, keep tribal philosophies alive| work = MSU News Service| accessdate = 2012-07-19| date = 2008-12-04| url = http://www.montana.edu/cpa/news/nwview.php?article=6606}} 6. ^{{Cite book|title=Salvage Phonology of Gros Ventre (Atsina)|last=Salzmann|first=Zdeněk|publisher=|year=1969|isbn=|location=|pages=}} References
Further reading
External links
| last = Capriccioso | first = Rob | title = The Phraselator II | work = The American Magazine | accessdate = 2012-07-18 | date = 2007-10-09 | url = http://www.american.com/archive/2007/october-10-07/the-phraselator-ii }}
| title = OLAC, Open Language Archives Community: Gros Ventre | accessdate = 2012-07-18 | url = http://www.language-archives.org/item/oai:blc.berkeley.edu:la.75 }}
| title = A Basic Guide in Tri-Lingual Education in Gros Ventre and Assiniboine. | accessdate = 2012-07-18 | url = http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=ED324172&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=ED324172 }}{{Algonquian languages}}{{Languages of Montana}}{{indigenousAmerican-lang-stub}} 8 : Plains Algonquian languages|Indigenous languages of the North American Plains|Native American history of Montana|Endangered Algic languages|Endangered languages of the United States|Languages of the United States|Native American language revitalization|Indigenous languages of North America |
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