1. Software architecture
     {{Anchor|GDK}} GIMP Drawing Kit (GDK)    {{Anchor|GSK}} GTK Scene Graph Kit (GSK)   GtkInspector  GUI designers  GtkBuilder  Language bindings  Gtk#   GtkSourceView    GtkSpell  

2. Development
     Build automation    Criticisms  

3. Use
    Applications  Desktop environments  Current  Inactive  Miscellaneous  Window managers 

4. Example

5. History
     Linux/Unix    macOS    Windows    OpenVMS    Releases  

6. See also

7. References

8. Bibliography

9. External links

Software architecture

The GTK library contains a set of graphical control elements (widgets), version 3.22.16 contains 186 active and 36 deprecated widgets.^[5] GTK is an object-oriented widget toolkit written in the programming language C; it uses GObject, that is the GLib object system, for the object orientation. While GTK is mainly for windowing systems based on X11 and Wayland, it works on other platforms, including Microsoft Windows (interfaced with the Windows API), and macOS (interfaced with Quartz). There is also an HTML5 back-end named Broadway^[6][7].

GTK can be configured to change the look of the widgets drawn; this is done using different display engines. Several display engines exist which try to emulate the look of the native widgets on the platform in use.

Starting with version 2.8, released in 2005, GTK began the transition to using Cairo to render most of its graphical control elements widgets.^[8] Since GTK version 3.0, all the rendering is done using Cairo.{{citation needed|date=March 2015}}

On 2018-Jan-26 at DevConf.cz Matthias Clasen gave an overview of the current state of GTK 4 development, including a high-level explanation of how rendering and input worked in GTK 3, what changes are being made in GTK 4 (>3.90), and why.^[9] In February it was announced that GTK 4 will drop the “+” from the project's name.^[2]

{{Anchor|GDK}} GIMP Drawing Kit (GDK)

GDK acts as a wrapper around the low-level functions provided by the underlying windowing and graphics systems.

GDK is found in the [https://git.gnome.org/browse/gtk+/tree/gdk /gdk] directory.

{{Anchor|GSK}} GTK Scene Graph Kit (GSK)

GSK is the rendering and scene graph API for GTK. GSK lies between the graphical control elements (widgets) and the rendering. GSK was finally merged into GTK+ version 3.90 released March 2017.

GSK is found in the [https://git.gnome.org/browse/gtk+/tree/gsk /gsk] directory.

GtkInspector

GtkInspector was introduced with version 3.14.^[10][11]

GtkInspector can only be invoked after installing the development package [https://packages.debian.org/search?arch=amd64&keywords=libgtk-3-dev libgtk-3-dev]/[https://apps.fedoraproject.org/packages/gtk+-devel gtk+-devel].

GUI designers

There are several GUI designers for GTK. The following projects are active as of July 2011:

• Glade, supports GtkBuilder, which is a GTK built-in GUI description format.
• Gazpacho, GUI builder for the GTK toolkit written in Python^[12]
• Crow Designer, relies on its own GuiXml format and GuiLoader library.^[13]
• Stetic, part of MonoDevelop, oriented toward Gtk#.

GtkBuilder

GtkBuilder allows user interfaces to be designed without writing code. The interface is described in an Extensible Markup Language (XML) file, which is then loaded at runtime and the objects created automatically. The Glade Interface Designer allows creation of the user interface in a what you see is what you get (WYSIWYG) manner. The description of the user interface is independent from the programming language being used.

Language bindings

A library written in one programming language may be used in another language if bindings are written; GTK has a range of bindings for various languages.^[14]

Gtk#

Gtk# is a set of .NET Framework bindings for the GTK graphical user interface (GUI) toolkit and assorted GNOME libraries. The library facilitates building graphical GNOME applications using Mono or any other compliant Common Language Runtime (CLR). Gtk# is an event-driven system like any other modern windowing library where every widget allows associating handler methods, which get called when certain events occur.

Applications built using Gtk# will run on many platforms including Linux, Windows and macOS. The Mono packages for Windows include GTK, Gtk# and a native theme to make applications look like native Windows applications. Starting with Mono 1.9, running Gtk# applications on macOS no longer requires running an X11 server.^[17]

Glade Interface Designer can be used with the Glade# bindings to easily design GUI applications. A GUI designer named Stetic is integrated with the MonoDevelop integrated development environment (IDE).

In addition to support the standard GTK/GNOME stack of development tools, the gtk-dotnet.dll assembly provides a bridge to consume functionality available on the .NET stack. At this point this includes the functionality to use System.Drawing to draw on a widget.

GtkSourceView

For syntax highlighting there is GtkSourceView, "source code editing widget".

GtkSourceView is maintained separately from GTK as a library: [https://git.gnome.org/browse/gtksourceview/tree/ gtksourceview]. There are plans to rename to gsv.

GtkSpell

GtkSpell is a distinct library separate to GTK. GtkSpell depends on GTK and Enchant. Enchant is a wrapper for ispell, hunspell, etc, the actual spell checker engine/software.

GtkSpell uses GTK's GtkTextView widget, to highlight misspelled words and offer replacement.

• {{URL|http://gtkspell.sourceforge.net/}}

Development

GTK is mainly developed by The GNOME Project, which also develops the GNOME Development Platform and the GNOME Desktop Environment.^[18]

GTK development is loosely managed. Discussion chiefly occurs on several public mailing lists.^[19] GNOME developers and users gather at an annual GNOME Users And Developers European Conference GUADEC meeting to discuss GNOME's current state and future direction.^[20] GNOME incorporates standards and programs from freedesktop.org to better interoperate with other desktops.

GTK is mainly written in C.^[21] Many language bindings are available.

On September 1, 2016 a post on the GTK development blog denoted, among other things, the future numbering scheme of GTK.^[22] GTK version 3.22 from autumn 2016 shall be the last 3.x release. After that all resources will move to the GTK 4 development series with the version names 3.90, 3.92, etc. Even as the 4.x series enters development, notable applications still use GTK 2.x and have not been ported to 3.22. Regarding the future of legacy software using GTK+, there is no collective project to port GTK 2.x software to 3.22.

Build automation

In former times GTK (and GNOME, GLib, etc.) utilized the GNU Build System (named Autotools) as the build automation system of choice.

Since 14 Aug 2017, the master branch of GTK builds with Meson, and the Autotools build system files have been dropped.^[23]

Criticisms

The most common criticism of GTK is a lack of backward-compatibility in major updates, most notably in the application programming interface (API)^[24] and theming.^[25]

The compatibility breaks between minor releases during the GTK 3.x development cycle was explained by Benjamin Otte as due to strong pressures to innovate, such as providing the features modern users expect and supporting the increasingly influential Wayland display server protocol. With the release of GTK 4, the pressure from the need to innovate will have been released and the balance between stability and innovation will tip toward stability.^[27] Similarly, recent changes to theming are specifically intended to improve and stabilise that part of the API, meaning some investment now should be rewarded later.

• Dirk Hohndel, codeveloper of Subsurface and member of Intel's Open-Source Technology Center, criticized the GTK developers for being abrasive and ignoring most community requests.^[26]
• Hong Jen Yee, developer of LXDE (the GTK version of which will be dropped and all efforts focused on the Qt port^[27]), expressed disdain for version 3 of the GTK toolkit's radical API changes and increased memory usage, and ported PCMan File Manager (PCManFM) to Qt. PCManFM is being developed with a GTK and with a Qt backend at the same time.^[28]
• The Audacious music player plans to move back to GTK version 2 starting with version 3.6, with the long-term goal of migrating to Qt.^[29] The reasons stated by the developers for this include a transition to client-side window decorations, which they claim cause the application to look "GNOME-y and out of place."^[30]
• Wireshark has switched to Qt due to not having a good experience with GTK's cross-platform support.^[31]

Use

Applications

Some notable applications that use or once used GTK as a widget toolkit include:

• GNOME Core Applications – as part of GNOME desktop environment, developed in concert with GTK itself.

• AbiWord – Word processor
• Anjuta – Integrated development environment (IDE)
• Ardour – Digital audio workstation
• Chromium – Web browser (Until version 34, replaced by Aura in version 35+) {{citation needed|date=December 2015}}
• Ekiga (formerly GnomeMeeting) – VoIP and video conferencing application
• GNU Emacs can use GTK when running on X.
• Evolution – Personal information manager
• gconfig – Linux kernel source configuration utility.
• Geany – a lightweight cross-platform IDE and GTK text editor based on Scintilla.
• GIMP – Raster graphics editor
• Gnumeric – Spreadsheet application
• Gramps – Genealogy software
• Inkscape – Vector graphics editor for SVG
• LiVES – Video editor
• Midori – Minimalistic web browser using GTKWebKit as rendering engine and GTK as widget toolkit
• Pidgin – Instant messenger application

Desktop environments

Several desktop environments utilize GTK as the widget toolkit.

Current

• GNOME, based on GTK, meaning that programs native to GNOME use GTK
• Budgie, built from scratch for the SolusOS successor, Solus Operating System
• Cinnamon, a fork of GNOME 3 and uses GTK version 3
• MATE, a fork of GNOME 2, which is updated to support GTK 2 and 3
• Xfce, currently based on GTK 3, after migration from GTK 2. [https://fosspost.org/analytics/xfce-4-14-development-roadmap-future xfce4-14]
• Pantheon uses GTK 3 exclusively, being developed by elementary OS
• Sugar, a desktop environment for youth primary education, which uses GTK, especially PyGTK
• KDE, though based on Qt, has integration with GTK written programs and themes since version 4.2
• Phosh, a mobile UI designed for PureOS

Inactive

• Unity, the former default desktop environment of Ubuntu
• LXDE (Lightweight X11 Desktop Environment) is based on GTK 2
• Access Linux Platform (successor of the Palm OS PDA platform)
• Consort, the GNOME 3.4 Fallback Mode – fork from SolusOS
• GPE, the GPE Palmtop Environment
• ROX Desktop, a lightweight desktop, with features from the GUI of RISC OS

Miscellaneous

GTK programs can be run on desktop environments based on X11 and Wayland, or window managers even those not made with GTK, provided the needed libraries are installed; this includes macOS if X11.app is installed. GTK can be also run on Microsoft Windows, where it is used by some popular cross-platform applications like Pidgin and GIMP. wxWidgets, a cross-platform GUI tool-kit, uses GTK on Linux.^[32] Other ports include DirectFB (used by the Debian installer, for example) and ncurses.^[33]

Window managers

The following window managers use GTK:

• Aewm
• AfterStep
• Amaterus
• Consortium
• IceWM
• Marco
• Metacity
• Muffin
• Mutter
• Sawfish
• Wmg
• Xfwm

Example

Documentation is available here:

• {{URL|https://developer.gnome.org/gtk3/stable/}}

The following code presents a graphical GTK hello-world program in the C programming language. This program has a window with the title "Hello, world!" and a label with similar text.

// helloworld.c

1. include

int main (int argc, char *argv[])

    GtkWidget *window;    GtkWidget *label;

    /* Create the main, top level window */    window = gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL);

    /* Give it the title */    gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(window), "Hello, world!");

    /* Center the window */    gtk_window_set_position(GTK_WINDOW(window), GTK_WIN_POS_CENTER);

    /* Set the window's default size */    gtk_window_set_default_size(GTK_WINDOW(window), 200, 100);

    /*    ** Map the destroy signal of the window to gtk_main_quit;    ** When the window is about to be destroyed, we get a notification and    ** stop the main GTK loop by returning 0    */    g_signal_connect(window, "destroy", G_CALLBACK(gtk_main_quit), NULL);

    /*    ** Assign the variable "label" to a new GTK label,    ** with the text "Hello, world!"    */    label = gtk_label_new("Hello, world!");

    /* Plot the label onto the main window */    gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(window), label);

    /* Make sure that everything, window and label, are visible */    gtk_widget_show_all(window);

    /*    ** Start the main loop, and do nothing (block) until    ** the application is closed    */    gtk_main();

}

Needs installing the libraries first in debian or derivatives:

Using pkg-config in a Unix shell, this code can be compiled with the following command:

Invoke the program

History

Linux/Unix

GTK was originally designed and used in the GNU Image Manipulation Program (GIMP) as a replacement of the Motif toolkit; at some point Peter Mattis became disenchanted with Motif and began to write his own GUI toolkit named the GIMP toolkit and had successfully replaced Motif by the 0.60 release of GIMP.^[34] Finally GTK was re-written to be object-oriented and was renamed GTK+.^[35] This was first used in the 0.99 release of GIMP. GTK was subsequently adopted for maintenance by the GNOME Foundation, which uses it in the GNOME desktop environment.

The GTK 2.0.0 release series introduced new features which include improved text rendering using Pango, a new theme engine, improved accessibility using the Accessibility Toolkit, transition to Unicode using UTF-8 strings, and a more flexible API. Starting with version 2.8, GTK 2 depends on the Cairo graphics library for rendering vector graphics.

GTK version 3.0.0 included revised input device handling, support for themes written with CSS-like syntax, and the ability to receive information about other opened GTK applications.

The '+' was dropped returning to simply 'GTK' in February 2019 during a Hackathon^[36]

macOS

With Quartz-Backend^[37] GTK is available in macOS.^[38]

Windows

• After GTK 2.24.10 and 3.6.4 Development of Windows with Installer was closed by Gnome. Installation of MSYS2 on Windows is a good way to use actual GTK.^[39]
• GTK 2.24.10 and 3.6.4 is available in Internet, but very buggy and limited against actual versions.^[40][41]
• A Version for Windows 64-bit is prepared by Tom Schoonjans with 2.24.32 (actual like Linux) and 3.22.30 (actual like Linux) available.^[42]
• Windows 10's Fall Creators Update includes Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL). With Linux distributions like Ubuntu or Debian available from the Windows Store and an X server like Xming or VcXsvr, thousands of programs like GTK 2 or 3 can run with X or terminal support.

OpenVMS

Releases

The GNOME team releases new versions on a regular basis.^[64]

See also

• Client-Side Decoration
• List of widget toolkits
• GDK – the GIMP Drawing Kit lies between the xlib and the GTK library, handling basic rendering such as drawing primitives, raster graphics (bitmaps), cursors, fonts, as well as window events and drag-and-drop functionality
• gtkmm – C++ bindings for GTK
• Qt - cross platform framework and toolkit
• Xojo - cross-platform development tool and framework
• Enlightenment Foundation Libraries (EFL) – widget toolkit written for the Enlightenment window manager
• FLTK – A light, cross-platform, non-native widget toolkit
• FOX toolkit – A fast, open source, cross-platform widget toolkit
• IUP – a multi-platform toolkit for building native graphical user interfaces
• Ultimate++
• Visual Component Library (VCL)

References

Bibliography

• {{citation

• {{citation

• {{citation

External links

• {{Official website}}
• {{Official website|library.gnome.org/devel/gtk3/stable/|GTK+ 3 Reference Manual}}
• [https://wiki.gnome.org/Initiatives/CSD Client-Side Decorations Initiative]
• List of GTK+ applications
• {{sourceforge|pygobjectwin32|GTK+ PyGObject for Windows}} - Python All-In-One PyGI/PyGObject for Windows Installer (GTK 3.18 +)
• {{sourceforge|gtk-mingw|GTK+ for Windows (MinGW)}} - (Only up to GTK 3.5.4)
• GtkSharp at Mono Project

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