| 词条 | Guild's Lake |
| 释义 |
| name = Guild's Lake | native_name = | native_name_lang = | other_name = | image = Lewis and Clark Expo Portland Oregon ballon at entrance.jpg | caption = Exposition balloon over the lake in 1905 | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | location =Willamette River floodplain near Balch Creek Multnomah, Oregon, United States | group = | coordinates = {{coord|45|32|49|N|122|43|14|W|display=inline,title}}[1] | type = Lake | etymology = | part_of = | inflow = | rivers = | outflow = | oceans = | catchment = | basin_countries = | agency = | designation = | date-built = | engineer = | date-flooded = | length = | width = | area = | depth = | max-depth = | volume = | residence_time = | salinity = | shore = | elevation = {{convert|33|ft|abbr=on}} | temperature_high = | temperature_low = | frozen = | islands = | islands_category = | sections = | trenches = | benches = | cities = Northwest Portland | pushpin_map = USA Oregon | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Location of historic Guild's Lake in Oregon | website = | reference = }}Guild's Lake (also Guild Lake[1][2]) was historically a flood-prone lowland near the confluence of Balch Creek with the Willamette River in the U.S. state of Oregon.[4] Indigenous Multnomah people established villages on nearby Sauvie Island but not in the swampy area along the Balch Creek side of the river in what later became northwest Portland.[5] The lake was at an elevation of {{convert|33|ft|m}} above sea level between what later became Northwest Saint Helens Road and Northwest Yeon Street, slightly west of Northwest 35th Avenue in the Northwest Industrial district of Portland.[1][3] The lake took its name from Peter Guild (pronounced guile), one of the first 19th-century settlers in the area.[4] In 1847, he acquired nearly {{convert|600|acre|km2}} of the wetlands through a donation land claim.[5] After Guild's death in 1870,[4] various landowners modified the area to accommodate sawmills, railroads, shipping docks,[5] and Portland's city garbage incinerator.[4] The Guild's Lake Rail Yard, built by the Northern Pacific Railway in the 1880s, became an important switching yard for trains.[5] Beginning in the 1890s, channel-deepening in the Willamette River improved the city's status as a deep-water seaport, as did completion in 1914 of a port terminal. These developments helped make nearby Guild's Lake the most important industrial area in Portland.[5] In 1905, the Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition, held on an artificial island in Guild's Lake, had helped spur growth in the area. After the exposition ended, developers filled the lake and its surrounds with rocks and gravel sluiced from parts of the Balch Creek watershed in the West Hills above the floodplain or dredged from the Willamette River. Civic leaders promoted the Guild's Lake area as a good place for industry, and by the mid-1920s the lake was gone.[5] Instead, it became "a drying and settling mud flat ... awaiting development during World War II".[6] During World War II, the Guild's Lake Housing Project, an adjunct to the Vanport project, provided temporary housing for workers in the nearby Kaiser Shipyards.[7] After the war, chemical and petroleum processing and storage, metals manufacturing, and other large industries expanded in the area. In 2001, the Portland City Council adopted the Guild's Lake Industrial Sanctuary Plan aimed at protecting the area's "long-term economic viability as an industrial district."[5] See also
References1. ^1 2 {{cite web | work = Geographic Names Information System| publisher = United States Geological Survey | date = September 14, 1999 | url ={{Gnis3|1851701}}| title = Guild Lake (historical)}} 2. ^{{cite book |author1=Lewis A. McArthur |author2=Lewis L. McArthur |title=Oregon Geographic Names |edition=7th |location=Portland |publisher=Oregon Historical Society Press |date=2003 |page=433 |isbn=0-87595-278-X}} 3. ^Modern location derived via Google Earth from Geographic Names Information System coordinates. 4. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal | last1 = Dibling | first1 = Karin |last2 = Martin | first2= Julie Kay | last3= Olson | first3 = Meghan Stone | last4 = Webb | first4= Gayle | journal = Oregon Historical Quarterly | publisher = The Oregon Historical Society | volume = 107|issue = 1| year = 2006 | pages = 88–105|title = Photo Essay: Guild's Lake Industrial District: The Process of Change over Time|jstor = 20615612}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web | last = Bureau of Planning | title = Guild’s Lake Industrial Sanctuary Plan | publisher = City of Portland | year = 2001 | format = PDF | url = http://www.portlandonline.com/shared/cfm/image.cfm?id=58694 |pages = 15–16 | accessdate = January 19, 2011 }} 6. ^{{cite book|last = Abbott |first = Carl| title = Greater Portland: Urban Life and Landscape in the Pacific Northwest| publisher = University of Pennsylvania Press |location = Philadelphia| page = 66|isbn = 0-8122-1779-9}} 7. ^{{cite book|last = Maben |first = Manley|title = Vanport: Ships for Victory|publisher = Oregon Historical Society Press| location = Portland, Oregon|year = 1987|page = 87|isbn= 0-87595-118-X}} External links
5 : History of Portland, Oregon|Lakes of Oregon|Former lakes|World's fair sites in the United States|Lakes of Multnomah County, Oregon |
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