| 词条 | Guinean mangroves |
| 释义 |
The Guinean mangroves are a coastal ecoregion of mangrove swamps in rivers and estuaries near the ocean of West Africa from Senegal to Sierra Leone. Location and description{{see also|List of rivers of Guinea-Bissau}}Guinean mangroves can be found: in the Saloum River and Casamance deltas in Senegal; in the lower Gambia River basin; much of the coast of Guinea-Bissau, including the Cacheu and Mansoa Rivers; across the border in northern Guinea; and much of the coast of Sierra Leone including the Sherbro River. Mangroves thrive on flat coastal inlets and estuaries where the ocean tides wash warm salt water high upriver, in this ecoregion as far as 100 km, for example in the Cacheu River of Guinea-Bissau.[1][2] FloraThe mangroves have a varied composition with Rhizophora, Laguncularia racemosa and Conocarpus erectus growing up to 10m tall among larger areas of Rhizophora and Avicennia. The tallest trees may be {{convert|40|m|ft|-1|abbr=on}} and form the equivalent of gallery forests along the creeks, the mudflats between the creeks having much shorter trees. The inland fringes of the forest are clad in grasses, ferns and salt-loving plants.[2] However, the flora in the ecoregion is not as biodiverse as that of East African mangrove forests.[1] FaunaMangrove swamps are important feeding grounds for fish, birds and animals. Marine wildlife includes oysters and shrimps. Mammals found here include the African manatee. Birds in these wet habitats include Goliath heron, purple heron, cattle egret, striated heron, western reef heron, greater flamingo, lesser flamingo, African spoonbill, and African sacred ibis.[2] The forests also provide important habitat for migratory birds.[1] Threats and preservationMangrove habitats are under threat as trees are cut down for timber and firewood or to clear land for agriculture including rice farming. This habitat is also under threat from the lower amounts of precipitation in the region over the last few decades.[1] In southern Senegal, efforts are being made to replant the mangroves.[3] Urban areas near the mangroves include the Gambian capital, Banjul and the Guinea-Bissau capital Bissau. National parks in the region include Saloum Delta National Park and Basse Casamance National Park in Senegal, Niumi National Park in Gambia, and Tarafes de Cacheu Natural Park in Guinea-Bissau. The Saloum river delta can also be accessed from the village of Foundiougne in Senegal.[4] References1. ^1 2 3 {{WWF ecoregion|name=Guinean mangroves|id=at1403}} {{Biomes}}{{coord missing|Guinea}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Guinean Mangroves}}2. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/007/j1533e/J1533E33.htm |title=Sierra Leone |work=Status And Trends In Mangrove Area Extent Worldwide |publisher=FAO |accessdate=27 November 2016}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=80906 |title=Senegal: Protecting livelihoods through mangroves |date=14 October 2008 |publisher=IRIN Africa |accessdate=27 November 2016}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://ec.europa.eu/development/body/publications/courier/courier196/en/en_069_ni.pdf |title=Senegal's mangrove forests |author= |date= |work=Country report |accessdate=27 November 2016}} 14 : Aquatic ecology|Mangrove ecoregions|Afrotropic ecozone|Ecoregions of the Gambia|Ecoregions of Guinea|Ecoregions of Guinea-Bissau|Ecoregions of Senegal|Ecoregions of Sierra Leone|Geography of Senegal|Geography of the Gambia|Geography of Guinea-Bissau|Geography of Guinea|Geography of Sierra Leone|Forests of Guinea |
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